Kazakh Khandom in XVII-XVIII cc.

Khan Esim – son of Shigai ruled in 1598-1628. He was a youngest khan and occupied throne, when he was 20 years old. Turkestan with its towns and also Tashkent entered into the structure of Kazakh Khanate. Thus, the long struggle of the Kazakh khans for the settled-agricultural regions of the South Kazakhstan and towns in the Middle Syrdaria was completed. From that time this region and Tashkent (for 200 years) finally entered into the structure of Kazakh state. Esim was named Kazakh bahadur («статный богатырь») for his bravery.

After Esim’s death, his son Zhangir became a khan of Kazakh Khandom (1628-1680) and for his struggle against Zhungars he was named “non-kept” («неудержимый»).

Strengthening of the Kazak state begun in ruling of khan Tauke (1680-1718), the Kazakh union with Kirgiz and Kara-kalpaks weakened the oirat’s invasions to Kazakh lands for long time.

However, soon hard economic and political situation in Kazakhstan was stipulated by:

1) Ceaseless raids of oirats;

2) Internal intestine wars;

3) Unstable relations with Central Asian rulers;

4) Building of the Russian military fortifications in the North, West and East of the Kazakh lands;

Khan Tauke managed:

1) To normalize somewhat the political situation in the state;

2) He undertook a number of measures in order to raise of the khan power;

3) Overcome separatism of the nobility;

4) Consolidation of the Kazakh people.

He looked for ways for union and peaceful relations with neighboring states. In his time the Code of the regulations of customary law “Zhety-Zhargy”, determined the main principles of law and order and state structure was made up.

With completion of Tauke-khan’s ruling the history of united Kazakh state was completed and history of three Kazakh states, established on the territory of three Kazakh Zhuz, begun.

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