I. LEAD-IN
V. SPEAKING
IV. GRAMMAR FOCUS
1. Complete the following word combinations with the correct prepositions. Find and read the sentences with these word combination in the text “Definition and Elements of the Crime”
by under to through of by to
Punishable ______________ the state, injurious ______________ society, breach ______________ contract, as defined ______________ law, arise ______________ contract, intention ______________ commit some wrongful act, ______________ criminal law
1. Look at the diagram showing the crime statistic in the USA. Then answer the following questions:
1) What crimes are considered violent?
2) What crimes are property crimes?
3) What are the most frequent crimes in the USA? Were the most frequent crimes the same in 1999 and 2007?
4) What are the least frequent crimes in the USA?
Were the least frequent crimes the same in 1999 and 2007?
5) How had the crime rate changed by the year of 2007? Which crimes became more frequent / less frequent?
Diagram 1
Reported Crimes in the United States
Although the exact number of crimes that occur in the United States is unknown, criminal activity can be gauged by the incidents reported to law enforcement. The Crime Index is composed of selected offenses and is used to monitor fluctuations in the overall volume and rate of reported crime. Totals are based on data from all reporting agencies and estimates for unreported areas.
1) Populations are Bureau of the Census provisional estimates as of July 1, except 2000, which are the decennial census counts. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unit 2 Crimes and Criminals Section 2 Classification of Crimes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. How are crimes classified in the Ukrainian legislation?
2. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents:
felony | порушення прав інших осіб | ||
misdemeanor | винність | ||
culpability | кримінальний злочин | ||
infringe on the rights of others | засудження парламентом винного в державній зраді | ||
acts of attainder | кримінальний проступок |
3. How many syllables are there in the following words? Which of the syllables is stressed in each of them?
Misdemeanors, circumstances, imprisonment, culpability, naturally, antitrust, legislature, authority, Amendment, administrative, retroactively.
TEXT 2
4. Read the text and tell:
- what information is new for you;
- what you have already known about types and classification of crimes.
Classification of Crimes
Crimes are usually classified as treason, felony, or misdemeanor. The fundamental distinction between felonies and misdemeanors rests with the penalty and the power of imprisonment. In general, a misdemeanor is an offence for which a punishment other than death or imprisonment in the state prison is prescribed by law. The term "degree of crime" refers to distinctions in the culpability of an offense because of the circumstances surrounding its commission. Crimes are sometimes divided according to their nature into crimes mala in se and crimes mala prohibita; the former class comprises those acts that are thought to be immoral or wrong in themselves, or naturally evil, such as murder, rape, arson, burglary, larceny, and the like; the latter class embraces those acts that are not naturally evil but are prohibited by statute because they infringe on the rights of others (e.g., acts in restraint of trade that have been made criminal under antitrust legislation). For example, in the United States, the power to define crimes and set punishment for them rests with the legislatures of the United States, the several states, and the territories, the principal authority being that of the individual states. This power in the states is restricted by the federal Constitution, e.g., in the Fourteenth Amendment and in prohibitions against acts of attainder (an act of attainder is a legislative declaration that a particular individual is guilty of a crime) and against ex post facto laws (laws that retroactively declare certain actions to be criminal). State constitutions may also limit state legislative action. The courts cannot look further into the propriety of a penal statute than to ascertain whether the legislature has the power to enact it. Administrative rules may have the force of law, and violations of such rules are punishable as public offenses, provided that the legislature has made such violations misdemeanors.