Лексические упражнения
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Текст A
INTERNAL WALLS
Depending on the duties they have to perform, internal walls have to fulfil various functions determined partly by conditions of use and partly by structural requirements. In the choice of a suitable wall, the problem of cost is certainly very important.
A general distinction can be drawn between load-bearing and non-loadbearing internal walls.
Load-bearing internal walls Framed buildings normally have no walls designed for the specific purpose of transferring vertical loads, but they frequently have walls which increase structural rigidity, that is, serving to transmit horizontal loads. These are shear walls and they usually also receive a certain amount of vertical load, if only for counterbalancing the tensile forces that would otherwise be caused by bending moments. Such walls in most cases also perform a fire protection function in subdividing the building into fire compartments.
Non-loadbearing internal walls Functionally these are partitions, merely separating room from room. They should possess the necessary strength and stability to support their own weight and the loads exerted by objects attached to them, as well as any horizontal forces due to such attachments and also live load, including effects of impact loads. Such walls should be so designed and attached to the load-bearing structure of the building that they are not subjected to additional loads which they are not designed to take.
Pipes and wiring for sanitary and electrical installations are often fitted within internal walls. In the case of prefabricated partitions this makes special arrangements, for example, units specially designed for bathrooms, etc. necessary. Demountable partitions should not contain any services, except wiring to sockets.
Partition wall units are generally prefabricated to 120cm width, the partitioning being based on fixed modular dimensions, generally 10, 30 and 60 cm.
Notes:
duty n. задача, цель
impact load ударная нагрузка; динамическая нагрузка
modular dimension модульный размер
partitioning n. разделение на секции
bathroom n. ванная комната
1. What do the functions of the internal walls depend on?
2. What general types of internal walls are there?
3. Why are load-bearing internal walls used in framed buildings?
4. What are the requirements for the non-loadbearing internal walls?
5. Why are special arrangements necessary in prefabricated partitions?
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?
rigidity (n.), bending moment, pipe (n.), socket (n.), wiring (n.), attachment (n.), attach (v.), sanitary (adj.), fire compartment.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:
разборная перегородка, в зависимости от, дополнительная нагрузка, в противном случае, воспринимать, несущая конструкция, функционально, только, стена жёсткости, уравновешивать, определённый, оказывать (действие), присоединять, часто, конструкционное требование, определять.
Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте термины, связанные с конструкцией внутренней стены: её особенностями и свойствами. Перечислите их и дайте перевод на русский язык.
Упражнение 4. Какие из указанных переводов слов являются ошибочными. Укажите правильный перевод.
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:
