Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на герундий в функции подлежащего.
1. Spacing of the floor beams is determined by the maximum permissible transportable width of the precast concrete units.
2. Welding or bolting of steel components produces high strength connections.
3. Altering the internal layout involves dismantling and re-erecting the partitions.
4. Applying long term loads may cause sagging of timber beams due to creep.
5. Stiffening with the help of lattice bracing or solid diaphragm walls results in fixed points in the building.
6. The spacing of the supports determines the spans of the floor structure and therefore its construction depth.
7. Mixing aggregates, cement and water followed by curing produces the hardened concrete.
8. Although bulk costs of metal are higher than those of most other materials building of steel is still reasonable.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие глаголы.
Образуйте от них глаголы с помощью приставки re- , означающей повторное действие. Переведите полученныепроизводные слова.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, от каких слов и с помощью каких суффиксов образованы подчеркнутые существительные.
1. The thickness of the concrete slab depends on such requirements as sound insulationand fire protection.
2. The dimensional tolerances inherent in the construction of an in-situ concrete floor require the application of a screed as a preliminary finishing layer over the slab.
3. The most popular thermosetting plastic in use in the construction industry, due to its cost, strength, relative hardness and toughness, is fibreglass reinforced polyester.
4. It can be easily adapted to changing requirements.
5. Folding screens can be moved by the users of the building themselves.
6. Steel loses strength and stiffness at high temperatures.
Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите функции неличных форм глагола.
1. Admixtures are available to retard the setting of the wet concrete and this can be used in hot weather to prevent a premature set.
2. The material may fail by breaking or by excessive deformation.
3. A structural member made this way is called a glu-lam member.
4. A building used by people must be kept warmer than the surrounding air in cold climates and cooler than the surrounding air in hot climates.
5. Since the structures designed by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance.
6. Longitudinal reinforcing has been selected on the basis of providing minimal shrinkage.
7. To reduce weight the slab may be formed with internal cavities or composed of ribs joined together by a thin top layer of concrete, the latter being described as a waffle slab.
8. All buildings have to be stiffened to resist wind loading.
9. The load transmission conditions being approximately the same in both directions, a planning grid is adopted this being typical of in-situ-concrete construction.
10. The joints may be sealed by binding the precast concrete floor units together with a special adhesive mortar.
Упражнение 5. Задайте три вопроса к подлежащему, три – к определению подлежащего и три разделительных вопроса к тексту А.