Make sure you know these words
Unit 1
Тема урока: Classification (characteristics of living organisms) текст 1 Systematics текст 2 Extreme Bacteria текст 3 Light from Life текст 4 Система живого мира |
Words
1. | diverse | adj. very different from each other |
2. | harmful | adj. causing or likely to cause harm |
3. | challenge | v. to refuse to accept that something is right, fair, or legal n. something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a way that is interesting |
4. | confusion | n. when you do not understand what is happening or what something means because it is not clear |
5. | currently | adv. at the present time |
6. | accept | v. to take something that someone offers you, or to agree to do something that someone asks you to do |
7. | similarity | n. if there is a similarity between two things or people, they are similar in some way |
8. | allow | v. to let someone do or have something, or let something happen, to permit |
9. | flexible | adj. a person, plan etc that is flexible can change or be changed easily to suit any new situation |
10. | common | adj. happening often and to many people or in many places |
11. | include | v. to comprise or contain as part of a whole |
12. | finding | n. the information that someone has discovered as a result of their study, work etc |
13. | propose | v. to suggest something as a plan or course of action |
14. | prove | v. to show that something is true by providing facts, information |
15. | relationship | n. the way in which two people or two groups feel about each other and behave towards each other |
16. | scholar | n. a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities |
17. | superfluous | adj. more than is needed or wanted, unnecessary |
18. | useful | adj. helping you to do or get what you want |
1. | Animalia | |
2. | taxonomy | |
3. | species | |
4. | Protista | |
5. | systematics | |
6. | fungus ( pl. fungi) | |
7. | prokaryote | |
8. | Plantae | |
9. | phylum (pl. phyla) | |
10. | nucleus (pl. nuclei) | |
11. | Monera | |
12. | kingdom | |
13. | genus (pl. genera) | |
14. | eukaryote | |
15. | family | |
16. | domain | |
17. | class |
Working with words
1. Word building.
noun | verb | adjective |
harm | ||
know | ||
descriptive | ||
responsive | ||
evolution | ||
adapt | ||
organize |
2. Translate the words and put them in the proper column.
Scientific, relationship, confusion, currently, continuously, classification, hierarchical, botanical, hierarchy, roughly, characteristics, similarity, simple, adaptable, universally.
noun | adjective | adverb |
3. Using prefixes, form the words with the opposite meaning.
effective, important, arrange, mortal, use, developed, lead, prove, common, adaptable, regular, responsible, known, legal, function, possible | in-, dis-, mis-, un-, re-, ir-, il-, im |
4. Match a word in A to its synonym in B.
A | B | ||
different | a | complex | |
roughly | b | changing | |
create | c | same | |
unique | d | arrange | |
constant | e | similar | |
confuse | f | exactly | |
simple | g | ruin |
5. Complete the sentences with a word from the box.
species closely taxonomic relationships classify together evolution established |
Using the standard rules ... by Linnaeus, today's taxonomists ... species based on shared attributes and the closeness of their evolutionary ... . Each ... is given a generic name (genus), and a specific name (species). Besides genus and species, several higher ... levels are internationally recognized. The higher levels indicate the phylogenetic relationships, the degree to which different species have diverged from each other during the course of ... . Thus, ... related groups are placed in the same taxonomic category at all levels, whereas distantly related forms are placed ... only at the higher taxonomic levels.
6. Match a word in A to its definition in B.
A | B | ||
common | a | to suggest a plan, idea or action | |
propose | b | a situation when you mistake one thing for another | |
taxonomy | c | the fact, that different things exist within a group or place | |
confusion | d | to put things in a useful order | |
evolution | e | happening frequently or existing in large amounts or numbers | |
diversity | f | the way in which smth is gradually changes and develops | |
arrange | g | the process of organizing living things into groups or types |
Working with word combinations and sentences
7. Translate the following word combinations.
Многообразные жизненные формы, общаться эффективно, научные исследования, взаимоотношения в ходе эволюции, важный аспект, основанный на сходстве, методы классификации, ненужный для человека, разработать категории, приблизительно распределить, ведет к заблуждению, иерархия групп, гибкая система, биологические знания, отражать процесс.
8. Rewrite these scrambled sentences putting the words in
the right order.
1.Archaeans/ isolated/ of Yellowstone National Park/ were / from the hot / first /sulfur springs.
2.Archaeans /have/ on Earth/ existed/ any other organism /longer than any other organism.
3.Why/ archaeans/ are/ interested/ in studying /paleontologists?
4.What/ say/ on primitive Earth /science /about the conditions / does?
5.Survival / in the evolution of /in extreme conditions /resulted /unusual metabolic/ has/ processes.
6.Researchers/ are /in finding out /organisms / how /at extreme temperatures/ interested/ can live.
7.Enzymes / within a cell/are /for all the metabolic/ required/ processes .
8.A prehistoric mosquito/ be used/ in amber / trapped /can /for DNA analysis.
9. Translate from Russian into English.
Хорошо известно разнообразие живой природы. Невидимые глазом бактерии вовлекают в круговорот веществ громадные количества минералов. В капле воды, взятой из водоема, обнаруживается масса различных одноклеточных организмов. В донном иле, в почве, в глубине вод, в лесах, степях и океанских простоpax, на дне самых глубоких океанских впадин обитают самые разнообразные организмы, отличающиеся по форме, размерам, подвижности, поведению, типу питания (способам добывания пищи) и многим другим признакам.
Working with texts
10. Read and translate the text.
Text 1