Слова, производные от латинских и греческих корней
Многие слова современного английского языка являются производными латинских и греческих корней. Изучите значение наиболее употребительных корней, приведенных в таблице.
| Корень | Значение | Пример |
| Latin Roots | ||
| act ,ag, ig alter anni, annu, enni aqua, aque arm art audi ben(e) capit, capt ced(e), ceed, cess cent(i) clam, claim corp cred dict duc(t), duce | go, do, move other year water arm, weapon art, craft, skill hear good, well head, chief go, yield, surrender hundred cry out, declare body trust speak lead | activate, agitate, navigate alternative anniversary, annuity aquatic, aqueduct army, alarm artificial, article auditorium benefit capital, captain proceed, success centimeter proclaim corporation credit dictionary conduct, reduce |
| fin flu(x) | limit flow | finish fluid |
| fort, forc | strong | reinforce |
| grad, gress | go, step, walk | gradual, progress |
| junct, join liber loc luc, lumin | join free place light | conjunction liberation locate lucid, illuminate |
| man(u), medi mem(or) miss, mit(t) mob, mot, mov mor(t) | hand middle, between remember send move death | manipulation medium memory transmit mobile mortgage |
| ped pend, pens pon, pos(e) port | foot hang, weigh put, place carry | pedestal suspension position portable |
| scrib(e) similar ter test tract vid ver(i) vit, viv | write like earth witness draw see true life | describe similar territory testify attractive evident verdict vitamin |
| Greek Roots arch auto bio chron cosm dem dog, dox dyn erg | ancient, chief self life time order, world, universe people teaching, opinion power work | monarch automation biography chronometer cosmic democracy dogma dynamism energy |
| gram, graph hydr log(ue) meter | write water word, speech, study measure | diagram hydrant logical geometry |
| morph nom(y) op(t) | form, shape rule, law eye | morphology economics optician |
| orth phil phos, photo | straight love light | orthodox philosopher photon |
| psych | mind, spirit | psychology |
| soph | wisdom | sophistry |
| techn | art, skill | technical |
| therm | heat | thermodynamics |
| tox | poison | intoxicated |
Упр.2.6.1. Соотнесите слова с их определениями.
| 1. immobilize 2. finite 3. fortify 4. commemorate 5. memorandum 6. pedestrian 7. revitalize 8. autonomous 9. dogmatic 10.amorphous 11.sophisticated | a. controlled by a single teaching or doctrine b. a person who is walking c. having no specific or recognisable shape or form d. functioning independently e. to prevent from moving f. not naive; complex, as a piece of machinery g. limited or bordered by time or any measurements h. to make stronger i. a note or record of events written as a reminder j. to honour the memory of smth or someone k. to put new life into |
Упр.2.6.2. Соотнесите латинский / греческий корень с его значением и производным.
| 1. bio 2. fort 3. chron 4. port 5. ced 6. scrib 7. ali, alter | a. time b. go c. write d. life e. carry f. another g. strong | a. disport b. alibi c. procession d. bionics e. synchronize f. comfortable g. transcription |
Упр.2.6.3.Из предложенного ряда выберите слово, которое является синонимом подчеркнутого слова.
1. One recent advance confirmed that Alzheimer’s disease is sometimes inherited.
A made valid B questioned C diagnosed D made doubtful
2. Video compression is sending not a complete colour portrait for each frame, but rather a shorthand version that describes the difference between the current frame and the previous one.
A preceding B already seen C viewed D following
3. The International Union of Biological Sciences met in Amsterdam to discuss how many species there are, and how many there will be if the environment is altered in various ways by man.
A is changed B is polluted C is made worse D is affected
4. Almost half of U.S. newspaper editors say that dinosaurs and humans lived contemporaneously.
A peacefully B for a short period of time
C at the same time D destroying each other
5. Establishing an appropriate correspondence between time and the path position parameter is an important condition in controlling the path of the robot arm.
A approximate B proper C precise D the closest
6. It wasn’t until language researchers began computer programs that the importance of lexical ambiguity came to be understood.
A having an emotional component B having two or more possible meanings
C having a pictorial component D having an idiomatic character
7. The negative charge of an electron slightly distorts the lattice of the metal.
A expands B makes weaker C changes the usual form D contracts