Единственное и множественное число слов с латинскими и греческими корнями

Неисчисляемые существительные

Неисчисляемые существительные могут быть нарицательными (concrete) и отвлеченными (abstract).

~ нарицательные существительные: meat, tea, butter, bread, juice, furniture, luggage, baggage;

~ названия различных материалов, металлов и веществ: gold, silk, iron, oil, silk, cotton;

~ названия наук и видов спорта: mathematics, physics, economics, statistics, ethics, gymnastics Но: These statistics are unreliable. (Если речь идет не о науке в целом);

~ название болезней: measles, mumps, herpes;

~ отвлеченные существительные: politics, weather, advice, accommodation, permission, behaviour, chaos, damage, news, knowledge, scenery, traffic, work, luck, research, progress, information;

~ некоторые имена собственные: the United States, the United Nations, Brussels, Athens, Wales;

~ названия книг, газет, фильмов: The New York Times is a good newspaper.

Star Wars was a good movie.

Выражения, обозначающие количество времени, веса, объема как одно целое, имея форму множественного числа, согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе: Two weeks is enough time for a nice vacation. Five hundred roubles is required as an entrance fee. Twenty gallons of gasoline costs a lot of money.

Упр.1.2.3.a. Некоторые из предложений содержат ошибку. Найдите и исправьте ошибки в неправильных предложений.

a. News of the peace talks has not yet reached the island.

b. Politics usually attract ambitious individuals.

c. There were extra copies of the New York Times in all the offices.

d. Two weeks are ample time for a camping trip to the state park.

e. Two thousand dollars is a lot for him to pay for tutorial.

f. Jaws, a movie about sharks, was seen by a record number of people.

g. Both mathematics and physics are interesting.

h. Thermodynamics are beyond me.

Упр.1.2.3.b. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя слова в скобках. Сделайте все необходимые изменения.

Пример: There aren’t many jobs for school leavers. (employment)

There isn’t much employment for school leavers.

a. He couldn’t give me much information. (details)

b. When I moved into my flat, I had very few chairs or tables or anything. (furniture)

c. There aren’t many flats to rent in this town. (accommodation)

d. I haven’t got many bags. They’re in the boot. (luggage)

e. I had a little time to spare, so I browsed round a bookshop. (minutes)

f. Very little research has been done to find out the cause. (experiments)

g. It’s very quiet in my area. There aren’t many cars or lorries. (traffic)

Таких слов достаточно много. Они образуют множественное число по правилам, суммированным в таблице.

Упр.1.2.4.a. Образуйте множественное число от приведенных слов.

**Упр.1.2.4.b. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола to be.

a. Alumni of the university ______ invited to the graduation ceremony.

b. These bacteria _______being studied by university scientists.

c. The criteria for promotion ________ clearly stated.

d. The appendices ________ usually found at the back of a book.

e. Supernatural phenomena ______ of great interest to many people.

f. The hypothesis _______ supported by the data.

**Упр.1.2.4.c. Выберите правильный вариант из каждой пары.

a. This phenomena / phenomenon follows the Newton Law.

b. Data / Datum speak in favour of this theory.

c. This hydrolysis / hydrolyses is taken to follow the above scheme.

d. Conclusive proof for the dioxane structure of IV was acquired through an independent synthesis / syntheses.

e. This thesis / theses holds for more general cases of isomerisation.

f. The free proton resembles an-a particle in that it consists of a nuclei / nucleus without planetary electrons.

g. As long as the barrier to internal rotation is not too low, the molecule will remain in one of these minimum / minima.

h. The motion of a valency electron in its orbital is equivalent to the flow of a current in the loci / locusof its motion.

i. The equation will now be derived on a statistical basis / bases.

j. We still have a long way to go before we can claim to have solved the problem of sexuality in a bacterium / bacteria.

k. The equilibrium constant was found to equal 0.232 and the data to fit more accurately into a formulae / formula.

l. This value may be subject to refinement when analysis / analyses are complete.

m.These workers have examined the spectra / spectrum of some seventy nitrides.

*Упр.1.2.4.d. Заполните пропуски в предложениях словами из предложенного списка. Каждое слово используется дважды в каждой паре предложений, один раз в форме единственного числа, а другой раз – в форме множественного числа. (Неисчисляемое существительное с окончанием -s, приобретает другое значение).