Chance (of),
opportunity (of)удобный случай
fear (of)страх
habit (of)привычка
hope (of)надежда
idea (of)мысль, идея
Importance (of)важность
intention (of)намерение
means (of)средство
method (of)метод
necessity (of)необходимость
objection (to)возражение
pleasure (of)удовольствие
possibility (or)возможность
problem (of)проблема
process (of)процесс
right (of)право
way(of) способ
1. С предлогами forза, throughиз-за, owing toблагодаря, а для выражения причины:
из-за для выражения причины:
Excuse me for beingso late. Извините, что я так опоздал
We are obliged to you for sendingМы благодарим вас зато, что
us the latest market reports. вы прислали нам последние обзоры рынка.
He caught cold through gettingОн простудился из-за того,
His feet wet. что промочил ноги.
2. С предлогомbyсо значением путем, при помощи (на вопрос каким образом} чем?) для выражения образа действия:
Не improved his article byОн улучшил статью, изменив конец.
changingthe end.
We were able to discharge the Мы смогли разгрузить судно в 24 часа
boat in 24 hours by using aиспользуя мощный кран.
Powerful crane.
4. С предлогами besidesкроме, instead ofвместо, withoutбез, apart fromпомимо для выражения сопутствующих обстоятельств:
Besides being clever,he is very industrious.
Кроме того, что он умен, он очень трудолюбив.
Instead of writingthe letter himself, he asked his friend to do it.
Вместо того, чтобы написать письмо самому он попросил своего друга сделать это.
He left the room without waitingОн вышел из комнаты, не ожидая ответа.
fora reply.
2. С групповыми предлогами for the purpose of, with the object of, with a view toс целью, для того чтобы, для выражения цели.
Exercise 1.Open the brackets using the gerund:
1. The grass in the garden is very dry, it needs (water). 2. It's very warm outside. You don't need (put on) your coat. 3. The house is old, and it wants (repair). 4. Famous people don't need (introduce) themselves. 5. The carpet is covered with dust, it needs (sweep). 6. The shoes are very dirty, they need (polish). 7. These shoes have a hole, they want (mend). 8. The table cloth is quite clean, it doesn't want (wash) yet. 9. The room needed (clean). 10 (learn) foreign languages is very useful 12.I know mу hair wants (cut) but I never have time to go to the hairdresser's 13. John needed (cheer up) when he heard that he'd failed his exams. 14. You should tidy up the garden. - Yes, it needs (tidy). The roses want (water), the peaches want (pick), the grass wants (cut).
Exercise 2.Choose the correct forms:
1. He insists on the problem (solving, being solved) at once. 2. There is no possibility of her (writing, being written) to your sister. 3. The teacher was surprised at the students (not knowing, not being known) this theorem. 4. He referred to your (doing, being done) the work in time. 5. Your brother is angry with their (taking, being taken) his books. 6. He relied on his paper (discussing, being discussed) tomorrow.
Exercise 3.Translate the following sentence paying attention to the ing-forms:
1. His work resulted in solving many problems. 2. The experiment resulted in finding new properties of this material. 3. The meeting resulted in coming to an agreement on this problem. 4. The discussion resulted in the test being made again. 5. His being ill resulted in our not having made the experiment 6.1. Newton's having formulated this law was of great importance. 7. His having solved this equation is quite natural. 8. Associating geometrical objects with real numbers is the basis of arithmetization of analytical geometry. 9. Using symbols in mathematics is customary. 10. Regarding the state of rest as a limiting condition of motion is including it under the general concept of motion
Exercise4. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. I know everything of their researched artificial intelligence.
2. Scientists invented a new way investigating space.
3. The engineers object carrying out the experiment.
4. He will be quite capable to do all the calculations by himself.
5. The idea of use robots for performing difficult tasks is extremely old.
6. Do you mind of my testing the new robot?
7. Without analyse evidence you will result in making mistakes.
Exercise5. Restore the original sentences.
1. it is worth, devices, buying, high-quality
2. on completing the test, results, found, the researcher, interesting
3. is not, compiling, a complex task, a programme
4. carrying out the test, must, the operator, before, prepare, all necessary equipment
5. insisted on, the teacher, the lab work, our carrying out, immediately
6. analysing, we, interested, this phenomenon, were, in
Exercise6. Insert prepositions (at, of, without, instead of) if necessary.
1. People get tired ... doing the same work for a long time.
2. Science is worth ... developing.
3. Intelligent machines are clever ... performing various tasks.
4. What is the use ... creating playing robots?
5. You had better check the calculations ... doing another test.
6. Quick processing of information is impossible ... applying computers.
7. They suggest... using another actuator.
Exercise7. Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
1. Стоит ли покупать это оборудование? — Да, безусловно. Я даже настаиваю на его покупке.
2. Робот - это устройство, способное выполнять действия самостоятельно.
3. Если вас интересует выполнение подсчетов, вам лучше использовать персональный компьютер.
4. При анализе данных исследователи получили интересные результаты.
5. Составление программы - задача достаточно сложная.
6. Данный метод решения этой проблемы является наилучшим.
7. Это открытие привело к получению очень важных данных.
8. Вы не против, если я проведу этот эксперимент? -Безусловно, нет.
Exercise8. Find Gerunds or Gerundial constructions in the following sentences.
1. The teacher insists on our coming on time.
2. We don't know much of the Challenger having failed its mission.
3. The value of his having discovered natural lasers is not realized completely yet.
4. The idea of connecting these wires was not mine.
5. Using renewable resources can significantly reduce the amount of air pollution.
6. I don't mind your reading science magazines in the reading room.
7. We hear of the up-to-date equipment being bought for your lab.
8. He was sure of repairing the ignition system without anybody helping him.
9. Exploring other worlds by means of robots soon will become a reality.
10. Seeing is believing.
Exercise9. Choose the right option.
1. ... heavy units is not easy.
a. assembling b. assembled с. being assembled
2. The teacher does not know of the students ... the apparatus.
a. damaging b. being damaged c. having damaged
3. New possibilities for ... atomic energy open up.
a. applying b. having applied с. applied
4. The projects of ...waste-to-energy plants cause fierce opposition.
a. constructing b. having constructed с. being constructed
5. Instead of ... the old air-filter they replaced it with a new one.
a. having cleaned b. cleaned с. cleaning
6. You can improve your work efficiency by ... modern j technologies.
a. applying b. having applied c. applied
7. What device do taxi-driver use for ... passengers?
a. charged b. being charged с. charging
8. They are talking about the shuttle ... already.
a. launched b. being launched с. having been launched
9. He always operates the apparatus without... safety regulations.
a. observed b. observing с. having observed
10. They insist on the short circuit...
a. being avoided b. avoiding с. having avoided
Unit17