History of Bryansk

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1. The Bryansk region was formed on the 5th of July 1944. 2. Its Emblem symbolizes the unity of the three great Slavonic nations. 3. The region consists of 27 districts. 4. There are many large and small rivers on the territory of the region. 5. The region has a temperate and continental climate. 6. The Bryansk region is rich in forests. 7. The industrial development of the region began in the 16th century. 8 Our farms produce milk and beef, pork, mutton, chicken-meat and eggs. 9. Grain crops are sown on large areas. 10. The climate of the Bryansk region is favourable for growing such crops as winter-wheat and rye, spring barley, buckwheat, silage corn, potatoes. 11. The Bryansk region has a lot of environmental problems. 12. The main sources of air pollution are industrial enterprises and transport. 13. Our lakes and rivers are being filled with oil, mineral fertilizers, chemicals, organic substances. 14. 22 districts of the region suffered from it as a result of the Chernobyl catastrophe. 15. The main task of our time is nature protection.

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1. The first written mention of Bryansk was in 1146 as Debryansk. 2. Its name is derived from «дъбръ», a Slavic word for «ditch», «lowland» or «dense woodland». 3. However the town is believed to have existed as early as 985 as a fortified settlement on the right bank of the Desna River. 4. Bryansk remained poorly attested until the Mongol invasion of Russia. 5. It was the northernmost of the Severian cities in the possession of the Chernigov Rurikids. 6. After Mikhail of Chernigov was murdered by the Mongols and his capital was destroyed, his son moved his seat to Bryansk. 7. In 1310, when the Mongols sacked the town again, it belonged to the principality of Smolensk. 8. Olgierd of Lithuania acquired Bryansk through inheritance in 1356 and gave it to his son, Dmitry the Elder. 9. Until the end of the century, the town was contested between Jogaila, Vytautas, Švitrigaila, and George of Smolensk. 10. Great Duchy of Moscow conquered Bryansk following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503. 11. The town was turned into a fortress which played a major role during the Time of Troubles. 12. Peter the Great incorporated Bryansk into the Kiev governorate. 13. But Catherine the Great deemed it wise to transfer the town to the Oryol province (guberniya) in 1779. 14. During the World War II, Bryansk was occupied by the Germans. 15. The city was heavily damaged by fighting. 16. After its liberation (1944), Bryansk became the administrative center of the Bryansk region. 17. Today Bryansk is an important center for steel and machinery manufacturing. 18. There are two universities, a technical academy and three theatres in Bryansk. 19. The city has a developed trolleybus network.