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The Lungs.

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The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs in the human body located in the lateral cavities of the chest. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum. The lungs are covered with the pleura. They are conical in shape. Each lung has the base, apex, two borders, and three surfaces.

The lung has the apex extending upward 3-4 centimetres (cm) above the level of the first rib.

The base of the lung is located in the convex surface of the diaphragm.

The posterior borders of the lungs are on each side of the spinal column. The anterior borders thin and overlap the pericardium.

The weight of the lungs varies according to many conditions. In the adult male the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr. The right lung is about 15 % heavier than the left one. The vital capacity of the lungs is 3.5-4 liters in the male and it is 3-3.5 liters in the female.

The right lung consisting of three lobes is heavier than the left one because the latter consists only of two lobes. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.

In infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour, but later they become darker.

The lung is coveres with an external serous coat, i.e. with visceral layer of the pleura. The parenchyma or proper substance of the lungs consists of the bronchial tree with elastic tissue and vessels.

1. The chest contains the organs of respiration.

2. The lungs are separated from each other by the diaphragm.

3. Each lung has the base, apex, two borders, and three surfaces.

4. The lung has the apex extending upward 3-4 cm above the level of the second rib.

5. The base of the lung is located in the convex surface of the pleura.

6. The vital capacity of the lungs is about 3-4 liters.

7. The left lung is divided into three lobes, and the right into two.

8. The parenchyma of the lungs consists of the bronchial tree with elastic tissue and vessels.

ОСНОВНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА

12. Учебник английского языка для медицинских вузов. – 3-е изд. Испр. И доп. – М.: Лист Нью, 2002.- 336 с. / под ред. Масловой А.М

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1.Professional English in Use. Medicine, Cambridge University Press, 2009

Тема: «THE ALIMENTARY TRACT».

35. Словообразование: суффикс - ate.

36. Изучение таблицы времен группы Perfect Active .

I. Вопросы для обсуждения:

1) – ate- суффикс глаголов.

2) Способы образования времен группы Perfect.

3) Особенности употребления вспомогательного глагола to have во временах группы Perfect.

4) Употребление основного смыслового глагола во временах группы Perfect.

5) Особенности перевода сказуемого в Present Perfect на русский язык.

6) Употребление наречий в Present Perfect.

7) Особенности перевода сказуемого в Past и Future Perfect на русский язык.

8) Употребление наречий в Past и Future Perfect.

9) Способы образования отрицательных и вопросительных предложений во временах группы Perfect.

II. Выполнение заданий по теме: Словообразование: суффикс - ate.