A) Scan the text to find answers to these questions.
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A) Scan the text to say whether the following sentences are true of false.
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A) Scan the text to find answers to these questions.
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1. What are three main types of automobiles?
2. What components does an automobile consist of?
3. What are the most common types of engines for land vehicles?
4. What are the main advantages of petrol engines?
5. What are the main advantages of diesel engines?
There are three main types of automobiles: passenger cars, buses and trucks. An automobile consists of the following components: the engine, the framework, the mechanism that transmits the power from the engine to the wheels and the body.
Passenger cars are propelled by an internal combustion engine. They are distinguished by the horse-power of the engine, the number of cylinders on the engine and the type of the body, the type of transmission, wheelbase, weight and overall length.
The two most common types of engines for land vehicles are petrol and the diesel engines. Petrol engines are usually lighter and smaller than diesel engines. Petrol engines are also less noisy than diesel engines. They usually go faster.
On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel and last longer than petrol engines. This is why larger vehicles such as trucks and trains use them. They are also safer than petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire.
1. The heater is one of the main components of any vehicle.
2. In the engine the fuel and air are burnt and they produce power.
3. The fuel pipe carries the fuel to the engine.
4. The upper limit of the piston movement is called the top dead centre.
5. The electric pump is driven by the camshaft.
A motor vehicle is a complex engineering construction. It is composed of several thousand parts. One of the main components of any vehicle is the engine.
In addition to the engine itself, there are four separate mechanisms, which are used to feed the engine. These mechanisms are the fuel system, the lubrication system, the electrical system and the cooling system.
The fuel system consists of a tank, a fuel line or a tube, a pump and a carburettor. An engine produces power when air and fuel are mixed and burnt. The fuel is stored in a fuel tank. The fuel tank is connected to a fuel pipe. The fuel pipe carries the fuel to the fuel pump. This pump can be either electric or mechanic in operation. It is driven by the camshaft. The fuel pump is connected to the carburettor. In the carburettor the fuel is mixed with air.
The fuel and air are drawn into the engine. In the engine the fuel and air are burnt and they produce power.
1. What instruments are there on the car panel?
2. What is the function of a speedometer?
3. What does the ammeter indicate?
4. What gauge indicates the oil level?
5. When do warning lights light up?
A driver must know the functions and locations of all interior mechanisms of the car. An instrument panel in a modern car provides the driver with valuable information.
The panel includes such instruments as a speedometer, a fuel gauge, an oil gauge, a tachometer, an ammeter as well as warning lights. The function of a speedometer is to indicate the speed of the car while the function of a tachometer is to show the engine speed. The fuel gauge indicates the fuel level in the petrol tank and the oil gauge is used to show the oil level. A car battery can easily become discharged in a short time. So the function of the ammeter is to indicate if the battery is charging or discharging.
Warning lights light up in case of a serious problem. There are three kinds of warning lights: an oil pressure warning light, a temperature warning light, a battery low warning light. An oil pressure warning light goes on when the engine oil is not circulating at the required pressure. When a battery low warning light goes on or the battery gauge reads LOW, this means that the battery power is running out.