Formation and structure of

Muscular-Skeletal System

The Human Body

Nouns : orbit

part of body = body part eye

portion eyeball

division eyesight = vision

subdivision cheek

system of organs nose

head nasal cavity

skull = cranium smell

cranial cavity mouth

brain mouth / oral cavity

face lip

facial part gum

forehead tooth (pl. teeth)

eyebrow tongue

taste taste

speech skin

soft palate hair

hard palate fat

chin tissue

ear cell

hearing cell body

neck membrane

trunk nucleus

chest = thorax human being = man

thoracic cavity man = male

esophagus = gull woman = female

heart adult (person)

lung middle-aged person

diaphragm old-aged person

abdomen young people

abdominal cavity teen-ager

stomach child = infant

liver baby

gallbladder neonate

pancreas

spleen

intestines = bowels

small intestine

large intestine

kidneys

urinary bladder

genitals

extremity = limb Adjectives:

shoulder girdle human

shoulder (joint) skeletal

upper extremity = arm muscular

upper arm cardio-vascular

elbow gastro-intestinal = digestive

forearm alimentary

wrist respiratory

hand urinary

palm reproductive = genital

finger nervous

thumb endocrine

nail blood and lymphatic

lower extremity = leg

thigh

knee

leg

calf (pl. calves)

ankle

foot (pl. feet)

toe

heel

Speech Models

1. The human body is composed of the head, the trunk and the upper and lower extremities.

2. The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.

3. The lower extremity is formed by the thigh, leg and foot.

4. What organs are there within the abdominal cavity?

5. Тhе lungs are located in the chest.

6. What organ does the cranial cavity of the skull contain?

7. What are the parts of the face?

8. The tongue is the organ of smell, isn't it?

9. No, the tongue is the organ of taste.

10. What is the body covered with?

11. What are the systems of the human body?

12. Where is the heart located?

13. What parts is the head composed of?

bones Processes and depressions in bones:

osseous/bony tissue fissure

osteocyte/bone cell bone head

cartilage tissue tubercle

osteoblast trochanter

osteoclast tuberosity

calcium condyle

phosphorus fossa

long bone foramen

short bone sulcus

flat bone sinus

diaphysis

epiphysis

epiphyseal line / plate

haversian canal Cranial bones:

periosteum frontal bone

articular cartilage parietal bone

compact / cortical bone temporal bone

red bone marrow mastoid process

yellow bone marrow occipital bone

medullary cavity foramen magnum

cancellous bone sphenoid bone

ethmoid bone

Facial bones:

nasal bone

lacrimal bone Bones of the leg and foot:

maxillary bone femur

mandibular bone patella

zygomatic bone tibia/shin bone

vomer fibula

tarsals

Vertebral column :metatarsals

cervical vertebrae phalanges of the toes

thoracic vertebrae

lumbar vertebrae Pathological conditions of bones:

sacrum osteodystrophy

coccyx osteitis fibrosa cystica

vertebral body rickets, osteomalacia

cartilagenous disk osteomyelitis, sequestrum

vertebral arch osteogenic sacroma

spinous process ewing’s tumor

transverse process multiple myeloma

laminae

neural canal

Pathological conditions of muscles:

Bones of the thorax: myastenia gravis

clavicle muscular dystrophy

scapula pseudohypetrophy

acromion

sternum/breastbone Joints:

xiphoid process synarthrosis

rib, true rib amphiarthrosis

false rib diarthrosis

floating rib joint capsule

ligaments

Bones of the arm and hand:articular cartilage

humerus synovial membrane

ulna synovial cavity

radius synovial fluid

carpal bursae

metacarpal tendons

phalanges of the fingers and thumb

Bones of the Pelvis: Pathological conditions of joints:

pelvic girdle rheumatoid arthritis:

ischium ankylosis

ilium gouty arthritis

pubis protrusion of an intervertebral disk

Muscles:

striated/voluntary/skeletal muscle

smooth/involuntary/visceral muscle

cardiac muscle

origin