Существительное
THE NOUN
LESSON II
Division
Multiplication
Subtraction
Addition
a + b = c a plus b equals (is, are, makes) c. 2 plus 5 is seven
a – b = c a minus b equals c. (b from a is c). 4 minus 2 is 2
(2 from 4 is 2)
a x b = c a multiplied by b equals c. Once 2 is 2. Twice 2 is 4.
Three times 2 is 6.
a : b = c a divided by b is c. 9 divided by 3 equals 3.
Ordinal numerals (порядковые числительные)
One – first (1st); two – second (2nd); three – third (3rd).
4th = fourth 20th = twentieth
5th = fifth25th = twenty-fifth
6th = sixth 40th = fortieth
7th = seventh 90th = ninetieth
8th = eighth 99th = ninety-ninth
9th = ninth 100th = hundredth
10th = tenth 200th = two hundredth
11th = eleventh 375th = three hundred and
12th = twelfth seventy-fifth
13th = thirteenth 5,000th = five thousandth
14th = fourteenth 1,000,000th = millionth
15th = fifteenth
16th = sixteenth
17th = seventeenth
18th = eighteenth
19th = nineteenth
21st – twenty-first; 32nd – thirty-second; 63rd – sixty-third.
Часто номера страниц, параграфов, глав, частей и т. п. обозначаются количественным числительным (после существительного). Артикль перед существительным не ставится.
the thirty-second page – Page 32 – page thirty-two
the fifth lesson – Lesson 5 – lesson five
Количественные числительные употребляются при обозначении номеров домов, комнат, автобусов и других видов транспорта, размеров обуви, одежды.
He lives in Flat No. 10. (number ten)
Take Tram 5. (five)
I wear size thirty-six shoes.
Multiciphered – многозначный
The Category of Number (Категория числа)
Plural nouns (множественное число существительного)
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-S-inflexion (окончание –S)
book – books - [s] – после глухих согласных
bag - bags - [z] – после звонких согласных и гласных
box – boxes - [ız] – после s, ss, ch, x, z
body – bodies - [ız] – “y” после согласной переходит в – i (+es)
wife – wives - [z] – “f” меняется на “v”
Words of old English origin:
a) homonyms or the same form – deer, sheep, fish, species …;
This deer is strong. – Этот олень сильный.; These deer are old. – Эти олени старые.;
That species is rare. – Тот вид – редкий.; Those species are common. – Те виды распространены.
b) form their plural by means of -en-ending – ox – oxen, child – children;
c) by changing the root-vowel – man – men, foot – feet, tooth – teeth, mouse – mice, louse – lice …;
Words of Greek and Latin origin:
Datum – data, phenomenon – phenomena, formula – formulae, memorandum – memoranda, criterion – criteria … .
Наблюдается тенденция к –s или – es (formulas, memorandas).