Lesson Seven

A B

Сharles I – Oliver Cromwell

the Royalists – the Parliamentarians

king – Protector of the Commonwealth

You may begin in the following way:

Both Charles I and Oliver Cromwell were Englishmen. They lived in the same country, England in the 17 th century. They both were rulers of this country – Charles I before and during the Civil War of 1642–1645 and Cromwell after the War, etc.

3.1.8. Make your summary of the text concentrating on the main historical events in the chronological order.

Text B. Read the text and express its main idea. Identify the dominant nouns and their equivalents in the paragraphs.

Many years ago there lived an Emperor who was so fond of new clothes that he spent all his money on dress and finery. He didn’t care about his soldiers, nor about going to the theatre or driving in the park. All he really cared about was showing his new clothes. He had a coat for every hour of the day.

The great city where he lived was a very pleasant place. Many strangers visited it every day. One day two rogues arrived. They heard about the Emperor’s love for new clothes. They said they were weavers and pretended that they knew how to weave the most beautiful cloth. Not only were the colours and patterns unusually fine, they said, but the cloth was so delicate that nobody who was either unfit for his office or stupid could see it.

They would indeed be valuable clothes, thought the Emperor. “By wearing them I could find out which of my ministers are unfit for their positions, and I could tell the wise from the stupid. Yes, some of that cloth must be woven for me at once”. And he gave the two rogues a lot of money in advance so that they might begin their work.

3.2. Answer the questions to the text.

1) What kind of ruler was the Emperor? 2) Did he care about his country and his people? 3) What was he crazy about? 4) Who visited his town one day? 5) What cloth did the rogues promise to weave for the Emperor? 6) Why did the Emperor want the cloth? 7) When did he give money to the rogues – before or after they had finished their work? 8) What do you think of the Emperor? Was he clever? 9) What is the moral of the story?

3.2.1. Suggest the title to the story.

3.2.2. Summarize the information given in the text and say what you have learnt about a) the Emperor; b) the cloth which the rogues promised to weave.

3.2.3. Make a dialogue between a) the two rogues (when they were planning the visit to the town); b) the Emperor and the rogues.

3.2.4. Retell the story in the name of the two rogues.

3.3. Learn the words and word combinations on people’s good and bad qualities.

3.3.1. Read the dialogues on people’s character and relations. Pay attention to the new words. Say what qualities each dialogue is about.

1) – I say, Kate. What sort of girl is your roommate?

– A good sort, I think. She is good-tempered and tactful.

– You like her, don’t you?

– I do. She is easy to deal with and she is frank and industrious.

– You are lucky, I should say.

2) – Why don’t you like Linda? She seems a good sort.

– Well, I think she is rather light-minded.

– Light-minded? Are you sure?

– I am. The fact is that she has let me down several times. I can’t say she is very industrious as well.

3) – Do you know Mary’s brothers, Jane?

– I do. Why?

– What sort of people are they?

– Her elder brother is a kind and good-tempered man. He is also frank and easy to deal with.

– And what about Mary’s younger brother? Is he a good sort, too?

– It’s hard to say. I don’t know him well. He impressed me as clever and cheerful but Mary says he is hard to deal with at times.

4) – Oh, there you’re, John. I want a word with you about Dick.

I find his manners very bad.

– Really? Do you? I’ve never noticed anything special.

– He was very rude at the party last night, had no control over his tongue and was extremely impolite at table.

– Maybe you have simply disliked him. He is usually reserved and tactful and keeps his temper. Wasn’t he witty?

– Not a bit! No sense of humor at all!

3.3.2. Do these substitution drills for revision and activization of the new words. Reproduce them by memory.

(1) – What can you say of Peter?

– I think he is kind and clever.

just and modest

reserved and tactful

bad-tempered and obstinate

stupid and lazy

rude and tactless, etc.

(2) – If he were less ambitious it would be better.

more serious

morre polite

less stupid

more delicate

more trustworthy

less helpless

more industrious

more good-tempered

not so greedy as his father

as tactful as his elder brother.

Eсли бы он был менее честолюбив, было бы лучше.

(Сказуемое стоит в сослагательном наклонении).

– Yes, I agree with you.

(3) – Why are you so absent-minded today?

serious

angry

thoughtful and sad

reserved

dull

hot-tempered

obstinate, etc.

– I’m not well, you know. Besides, I’ve got some problems.

3.3.3. Compose the dialogues on people’s qualities with your partner. Use the new words to texts A and B.

3.3.4. Speak about your best friend, her / his good and bad qualities or about the person you admire.

1 Grammar and Lexical Exercises

1.1. Learn to use The Present Indefinite (Simple) and the Past Indefinite (Simple) Tenses in the Passive Voice.

Is / Are Done Is / Are ... Done?

Is / Are Asked Is / Are ... Asked?

a) Situation: You are talking about what is done with people or things (by someone).

Prompt: the work / finished

Response: The work is finished

Prompts:

1) the book / by Peter

2) the article / by a famous journalist

3) sketches / by Jane

4) the letters / by the secretary

5) a gold watch / to my father

6) the car / in the repair shop

7) this event / much ... about

8) the house / by the construction workers

9) the blackboard / before the lessons

10) warm clothes / in winter

b) Progressive substitution. Do this at speed. Mind the use of is, are.

Linen dresses are usually worn in summer.

1) cotton 6) white clothes

2) silk 7) light trousers

3) blouses 8) and in late spring

4) T-shirts and shorts 9) white bags and shoes

5) always 10) this straw hat (соломенная шляпка)

Is this pupil much spoken about?

1) girl 6) the war

2) these boys 7) fashion show

3) incident 8) talented designer

4) these events 9) discovery (открытие)

5) written 10) meetings and demonstrations

1.1.1. Study the situations. Think of the questions for them. Follow the model.

Model: You come home very hungry. There is nothing to eat.

You ask: Why isn’t supper cooked ?

1) You come to the repair shop for your TV set. The TV mechanic asks you to come some other day.

2) Helen’s husband promised to paint the floor. Helen has returned home from her business trip and doesn’t see any changes in the house.

3) Olga hasn’t translated the text. The teacher is angry.

4) You return home tired and see dirty dishes in the kitchen. Your sister is watching TV.

5) The secretary has forgotten to type the documents. The boss asks her to bring them for signing.

6) John Smith is a journalist. Sometimes he is late with his articles. His boss is angry.

7) When Lena comes to her friend’s birthday party she doesn’t see Oleg and Nick there. She is surprised.

8) You see some sandwiches and cakes left on the plate.

9) The man is lying on the floor. He feels bad but ... nobody has sent for the doctor.

10) Your dressmaker promised to make your new dress in time. You can’t wait any more and phone to her.

1.1.2. Can you answer these riddles (загадки)?

1) It is grown in Brasil, Africa and Cuba. It is usually drunk at breakfast. What is it called?

2) It is made of metal and plastics, It is used for cleaning sofas, chairs, carpets and floors. What is it called?

3) It’s made of paper. It’s used for getting information and knowledge. What is it called?

4) It’s made of bread. It’s eaten at breakfast in England. What is it called?

5) It’s made of metal. It’s used for freezing food and keeping it fresh (свежий). What is it called?

6) It’s made of woollen fabric. It’s worn in late autumn, winter and early spring. What is it called?

7) It’s made of leaves. It’s loved by most people. It’s drunk all over the world. What is it called?

8) It’s made of plastics, metal and glass. It’s used for watching films, concerts, shows. What is it called?

9) It’s made of brick, wood or stone. It’s used by people for living in. What is it called?

10) They are made of leather and have high or low heels. They are worn by people all day long. What are they called?

1.1.3. Correct the wrong statements. Follow the model.

Model: Cars are repaired by watchmakers.

You: I’m afraid this is not so. Cars are not repaired by watchmakers, they are repaired by car mechanics.

1) Woollen coats, boots and warm caps are usually worn in summer.

2) Tables and chairs are made of glass.

3) Washing-machines are used for cleaning carpets and floors.

4) Foreign languages are taught to boys and girls only in the kindergarten.

5) The dress designers are usually trained at the Medical Academies.

6) Strong tea and coffee is drunk by people late in the evening.

7) The best TV sets and computers are made in India.

8) Many churches and houses are built during the war.

9) Books are taken by the readers in the banks and offices.

10) The English language is spoken only in England nowadays.

1.1.4. Practise in using the Past Indefinite Passive.

Was / Were Done Was / Were ... Done?

Was / Were Asked Was / Were ... Asked?

a) Situation: You are talking about what was done with people or things (by someone) in the past.

Prompt: a new yellow dress / for Anne

Response: The new yellow dress was bought for Anne.

Prompts:

1) the dog / near the river

2) the letter / with a pen

3) they / in grey and black clothes

4) the cars / in Japan

5) the children / at home last Sunday

6) the new clothes / at the shop yesterday

7) the vase / by little Jim

8) the fridge / at the repair shop last week

9) Nelly / to the restaurant last Saturday

b) Progressive substitution. Do this exercise at speed. Mind the use of was, were.

The letter was brought yesterday morning.

1) evening 6) written

2) read 7) taken from the library

3) newspaper 8) journal

4) books 9) a week ago

5) last year 10) given back to the library

Were the children taken to the park last Sunday?

1) theatre 6) invited by

2) Saturday 7) for the summer holidays

3) your sister 8) winter

4) to the country 9) asked to stay with

5) grandparents

1.1.5. You are very curious and want to know as much as possible about everything you hear and read. Ask your groupmates “where”, “when” and “why” questions to get more information on the following statements.

Statement: The new car was bought.

Where was the new car bought?

Your questions: When was the new car bought?

Why was the new car bought?

1) The letter was found there.

2) Her hair was cut short.

3) The dress was made to order.

4) The brothers were disliked by everybody.

5) The little boy was left alone.

6) The monument was made of granite.

7) The shoes were made of white silk.

8) The film was shown to the schoolchildren.

9) Charles’s Army was defeated.

10) Churches and palaces were destroyed.

1.1.7. Disagree with what your partner is saying and give more exact (точный) information. Mind the change of the Passive Voice into the Active Voice of the predicates.

Statement: The vase was broken by Billy.

Model:Prompt: Pete

Response: The vase was not broken by Billy, Pete broke it.

1) The newspaper was read by all members of the family. (father)

2) The old woman was cared about by her daughters. (her son)

3) The East of London was bombed by the Soviet planes during the war. (fascists)

4) The museum of figures made of wax was founded by Churchil. (Madam Tussaud)

5) All these toys were bought by father. (mother)

6) The blouse was made by Helen. (her elder sister)

7) The children were met by their parents. (their elder brother)

8) The museums were only visited by foreign tourists. (Russian tourists)

9) This music was written by the unknown musician. (the famous musician)

10) Some churches in England were destroyed by the enemies during the war. (the Puritans)

2. Vocabulary. Lexical Exercises