Текст B
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слова, образованные по способу конверсии. Укажите признаки, которые позволяют определить, какой частью речи являются подчёркнутые слова.
1. The two most important building materials appeared in the 19th century.
2. The Greeks sometimes used iron rods to strengthen the building.
3. He designs buildings.
4. New designs are the result of new materials and building methods.
5. The plan shows what materials a builder must use.
6. They plan the building process.
7. Concrete is very versatile.
8. Builders had to concrete the holes.
9. He described new concrete blocks.
10. Each building functions for a long time.
11. This material has several functions.
12. Heat flows to a cooler area.
13. The flow continues until outside and inside temperatures are equal.
14. He has to know the subject of design procedures.
15. If concrete is subjected to tensile stresses, it must be reinforced with steel.
Упражнение 2. Переведите производные слова согласно схеме: основа глагола + -er/or = существительное
to produce – producer
to heat – heater
to calculate– calculator
to build - builder
to read – reader
to construct – constructor
to invent – inventor
to lose– loser
to operate – operator
to bind – binder
to use – user
to design– designer
Упражнение 3. Переведите производные слова согласно схеме:
прилагательное + суффикс -ly = наречие
natural - naturally
short - shortly
wide - widely
serious - seriously
usual - usually
constant - constantly
great - greatly
bad – badly
general – generally
easy – easily
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на наречия.
1. The plans explain briefly what materials must be used.
2. Steel, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon.
3. A sample of rubber becomes substantially shorter and a little wider.
4. Usually failure unit stress is determined experimentally.
5. The material is used inefficiently.
6. Shearing unit stress acts unequally.
Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на страдательный залог сказуемого.
1. About 950 million tones of cement powder are produced each year.
2. Different cements are used in special circumstances.
3. In order to get the necessary properties special admixtures are sometimes added to concrete.
4. An advantage of concrete is the ease with which its properties can be changed.
5. Concrete may be unreinforced, reinforced with steel or prestressed.
6. Concrete was poured into its final position on site.
Упражнение 6. Прочтите следующие числительные:
21.02.1974; 987; 3256; 839,200; 3,482,408; 795; 437;12,457; 73,042; 02.08.1982.