III. Работа над грамматическими моделями. Направлена на развитие компетенции ОК-6- 45 мин
II. Изучающее чтение. Направлено на формирование компетенции ОК-6
Text « Movements of Breathing Mechanism of Inhalation and Exhalation»
1. Работа над лексикой: 15 мин
а) Запомните правила чтения буквосочетаний.
а) Изучите формы причастий, значение и употребление Present Participle
грамматический справочник “Human Anatomy”, учебное пособие, ВолгГМУ, 2011
Упражнение 1. Найдите и переведите предложения, где причастие I выполняет функцию обстоятельства.
1. We were talking about coming exams. 2. When the ribs are elevated by the inspiratory muscles they are drawn toward a horizontal plane thus increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax. 3. Having obtained the nesessary results the scientists used them in their future works. 4. When considering neurogenic factors that regulate local blood flow one thinks of sympathetic non-adrenergic nerves.
(Ответ: 2, 3, 4.)
Упражнение 2. Найдите и переведите предложения, где причастие II выполняет функцию обстоятельства.
1. When excised the lungs were not allowed to collapse completely.
2.Any pressure applied to a body is opposed by an equal pressure
developed by the body. 3. The stability of the lung tissues is indicated
by their behaviour when freed by surface influences. 4. As mentioned
at the previous lecture next theme will be devoted to nervous control
of breathing. 5. Inspiration enlargement of the anteroposterior and
lateral diameters of the chest is accomplished through the contraction
of muscles.
(Ответ: 1, 3, 4)
Упражнение 3. Найдите и переведите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом.
1. Respiration is usually either an automatic or a reflex act, each expiration sending up afferent, sensory impulses to the central nervous system. 2. It is impossible to cause death voluntarily holding the breath.
3.The air passes rhythmically into and out of the air passages, and
mixes with the air already in the lungs, these two movements being
known as inspiration and expiration. 4. The increase of the chest in size
is due to the diaphragm, whose muscular fibres by their contraction are
pushing down the abdominal organs.
(Ответ: 1, 3.)
Упражнение 4. Укажите и переведите предложения, где слово both является а) частью составного союза; б) местоимением.
1. Modern scientists have been successful in the use of fibrinolytic therapy in both ball and disc mitral prosthesis. 2. When the diaphragm is released both lungs collapse by their own elasticity and expel the air. 3. The decrease in thoracic size during expiration is accomplished both by release of physical stresses and by active participation of contracting muscles. 4. Both these methods of examining the lungs are frequently used. 5. During forced expiration the contraction of the abdominal muscles allows both external and internal intercostals to act as expirato-ry muscles.
(Ответ: a) 1, 3, 5; 6) 2, 4.
Упражнение 5.Выберите правильное значение выделенных слов.
1. A change in conditions [а) состояние, б) условие] affects the activities [а) активность, б) деятельность] of all organs. 2. Work causes [а) вызывать, б) заставлять] an increase in the metabolism. 3. A disturbance in the respiratory rhythm results from [а) являться результатом, б) приводить к] decreased excitability of the respiratory centre. 4. This is accompanied [а) сопровождаться, б) вызываться] by various disturbances in the activities of the organism. 5. Under some conditions the gaseous interchange in the lungs decreases [а) увеличиваться, б) уменьшаться].
(Ответ: la, б; 2а; За; 4а; 56.)
IV. Просмотрите текст В (10 мин). 1) Выделите 4 основные фактора в процессе дыхания, описанные в тексте. 2) Найдите и переведите: а) предложения, где причастия выполняют функцию обстоятельства; б) предложения с независимым причастным оборотом; в) предложения со словами both, both...and. - Направлена на развитие компетенции ОК-5; ПК -48. -20 мин