I. Say whether the sentences are TRUE or FALSE

UNIT 4

UNIT 3

IV. Speak in the class. Tell your friends what you have learnt about the capital of Ukraine.

ECONOMY AND INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE.

 

in terms of – з погляду на

trade –торгівля

heavy industry – важка промисловість

light industry – легка промисловість

steel– сталь

coal industry– вугільна промисловість

output — випуск; продукцiя

. ... is yielded ... — виробляється

Ferrous metallurgy — чорна металургiя

harvester — збиральна машина; комбайн

machine tools — верстати

fertile soils – родючі грунти

to satisfy the consumers’ wants — задовольняти бажання споживачiв

raw material — сировина

crop production — рослинництво

animal husbandry — тваринництво

grain and industrial crops — зерновi та технічні культури

meadow – луги

flax– льон

industrial crops– технічні культури

dairy and beef cattle breeding— розведення молочної т м’ясної худоби

pig raising — свинарство

sheep farming— вiвчарство

bee-keeping— бджiльництво

poultry industry— птахiвництво

agriculture — сільське господарство; землеробство; aгрономiя;

agricultural —ciльськогосподарський; землеробський;

agriculturist — агроном; сільський трудiвник; землевласник.

 

Present-day independent Ukraine has a considerable potential to quickly develop its economy — and this is explained not only by the favourable natural conditions, but also by the convenient geographical position in terms of international trade exchanges.

Industry is the most important area of Ukraine’s economy. In the structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied by heavy industry, especially the steel, machine-building and coal industries.
A considerable part is played by the food and light industries.

Many of Ukraine’s heavy industries are concentrated in the Donbas region, the centre of Ukraine’s heavy industry. A large industrial output is yielded by the mining, ferrous metallurgy, chemical and machine-building industries.

The machine-building is presently the largest branch of industry. It accounts for a third of the national industrial output and employs about a fourth of Ukraine’s workers. Automobiles and buses, locomotives and railway cars, airplanes and ships, tractors and harvesters, machine tools and metallurgical equipment are produced at Ukraine’s plants and factories.

Ukraine has very favourable conditions for the development of agricultural production: fertile soils, temperately warm climate, a well- developed industry processing agricultural raw materials. Ukraine is one of the world’s most productive farming regions and is known as the breadbasket of Europe.

There are two main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine: crop production and animal husbandry. Crop production is the practice of growing and harvesting crops. It includes: grain and industrial crops, meadow culture, fruit and vegetable raising.

Among the industrial crops such as sugar beet, sunflower, flax the leading position is occupied by sugar beet. Close to 40 types of vegetable crops are grown in Ukraine: potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, red beets, carrots, onions, garlic, etc. Melon-growing is practiced mainly in the south.

Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding of farm animals and their use. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are: dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig raising, sheep farming and bee-keeping. The poultry industry is spread through all the provinces. Birds farmed include chicken, duck, goose, turkey. There are large mechanized poultry farms to produce eggs and meat.

I. Find equivalents:

1. favourable conditions 2. light industries 3. heavy industry 4. industrial output 5. ferrous metallurgy 6. сrop production 7. animal husbandry 8. raw materials 9. poultry industry 10. to satisfy the consumers’ wants 11. in terms of 12. branch of industry     а. легка промисловiсть б. рослинництво в. промислова продукцiя г. тваринництво д. важка промисловiсть е. з погляду на є. галузь промисловостi ж. сприятливі умови з. чорна металургiя и. сировина   і. птахівництво ї. задовольняти бажання споживачiв

 

II. Complete the following sentences:

1. Present-day independent Ukraine has ... . 2. In the structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied by … . 3. Ukraine’s plants and factories produce ... . 4. Ukraine has very favourable conditions for the development of …. . 5. Among the industrial crops such as sugar beet, sunflower, flax the leading position is occupied by …. . 6. Animal husbandry is … 7. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are: … .

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Is industry the most important area in Ukraine’s economy?

2. What are the main industries in Ukraine?

3. Where are many of Ukraine’s heavy industries concentrated?

4. What is the Donbas rich in?

5. What industries is a large industrial output yielded by?

6. The machine-building is presently the largest branch of industry, isn’t it?

7. What do Ukraine’s plants and factories produce?

8. What are the main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine?

9. What vegetable crops are grown in Ukraine?

10. What is animal husbandry?

11. What are the most wide-spread branches of animal husbandry?

12. Where is the poultry industry spread?

 

V. Memorize the meanings of the word «agriculture»and its derivatives. Translate the sentences paying attention to the italicized words :

agriculture — сiльське господарство; землеробство; aгрономiя;

agricultural —ciльськогосподарський; землеробський;

agriculturist — агроном; сiльський трудiвник; землевласник.

1. This farm has different agricultural machines. 2. Cooperation with other countries is favourable to agriculture of Ukraine. 3. The agriculturist of today wants to have better and higher-yielding crops which can produce more food of good quality.

 

III. Translate into English:

1. Багато галузей важкої промисловостi зосереджено в Донбасi.

2. Машинoбудування є зараз най­бiльшою галуззю промисловостi.

3. На заводах i фабриках України виго­товляють автомобiлi та автобуси, лiтаки та кораблi, трактори та комбай­ни, верстати та устаткування для металургiйної промисловостi.

4. Україна має дуже сприятливi умови для розвитк усiльсько­господарського виробництва.

5. Є двi головн iгалузi сiльськогоспо­дарського виробництва в Українi: рослинництво та тваринництво.

6.Рослинництво це вирощування та збирання сiльськогосподарських культур.

7. Найважливiшою технiчною культурою в Українi є цукровий буряк.

8. Тваринництво — це розведення сiльськогосподарських тварин та їх використання.

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN UKRAINE

Science – наука

Scientist – науковець

Development– розвиток

Research center– дослідницький центр

Contribution – внесок

Achieve– досягати

Establish – встановлювати, засновувати

Electrical welding– електричне зварювання

The development of science and technology in Ukraine has its beginning in the 18th century, when the Kyiv Mohyla Academy became a noted research centre. A group of famous people made a valuable contribution into Ukrainian’s science from its first steps. They were noted historicans Antonovich and Hrushevsky, mathematician Boholiubov, scientist in medicine Filatov, Yanovsky and others. A great page in Ukraine ‘s history was the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Its founder was a very talented man – Volodimyr Vernadsky.

Ukrainian science achieved great success after World War II. The Ukrainian scientist Korolyov was one of the noted space designers. Ukrainian scientists developed the “Vulcan” unit for welding in space. Yevgen Paton and his son Borys are well-known all over the world as masters in the field of electric welding.

In the 20th century a number of scientific schools were established in Ukraine dealing with problems of mechanics, chemistry, microbiology, electrical welding, space engineering.

Ukrainian science of the 21st century is the major factor allowing our country to be ranked among the world’s advanced countries. Each year dozens of monographs by Ukrainian scholars are published abroad. Many Ukrainian scientific journals are translated into foreign languages. Ukraine became one of the world space states owing to its space researches. The national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine headed by its world-renowned president remains the stronghold of all research institutes of Ukraine.

The development of science and technology in Ukraine began in the 18th century, when the Kyiv Mohyla Academy stopped to be a research centre.

A great page in Ukraine ‘s history was the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

Ukainian scientists are well-known all over the world as masters in the field of electric welding.

In the 20th century a number of scientific schools weren’t established in Ukraine.

Ukrainian scientific journals aren’t published abroad.

Borys Paton was a founder of the national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.