Exercise 4. Make up the sentences of your own using the words below.

Canada

To extend- простираться

To inhabit- населять

To cede- передавать

Democracy- демократия

Monarchy- монархия

Bilinqual- двуязычный

To trigger- привести в действие

Viceroy-вице-король

Contiguous- соседний

Extensive- обширный

Glacial- ледниковый

Earthquake- землетрясение

Notably- особенно

 

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south. The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal people.

By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world—after Russia.

Canada has an extensive coastline on its north, east, and west, and since the last glacial period it has consisted of eight distinct forest regions, including extensive boreal forest on the Canadian Shield. Canada has more lakes than any other country, containing much of the world's fresh water.

A federation consisting of ten provinces and three territories, Canada is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual nation with both English and French as official languages at the federal level.

Canada is also geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes.

Atlantic Canada has vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta has large oil and gas resources.

Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. Canada is the largest producer of zinc and uranium, and is a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminium, and lead.

Canada has a parliamentary government. Parliament is composed of The Crown, an elected House of Commons, and an appointed Senate. Each Member of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding.

Canada is also a constitutional monarchy, with The Crown acting as a symbolic or ceremonial executive. The Crown consists of Queen Elizabeth II (legal head of state) and her appointed viceroys, the governor general (acting head of state), and provincial lieutenant-governors. The political executive consists of the prime minister (head of government) and the Cabinet. The Cabinet is made up of ministers usually selected from the House of Commons and headed by the prime minister.

The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting. The Crown formally approves parliamentary legislation and the prime minister's appointments.

Canada's judiciary plays an important role in interpreting laws and has the power to strike down laws that violate the Constitution. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court.

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1.Where is Canada situated?

2.What is the territory of the country?

3.How many languages are spoken in Canada?

4.What can you say about the nature of it?

5.What natural and mineral resources is Canada rich in?

6.Has Canada a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy?

7.What do you know about the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the country?

8.Who is the head of the Crown?

Exercise 2. Insert the missing words:

1. Canada's the worlds … largest country by total area.

2. A … federation consisting of ten provinces and three territories.

3. Canada has a parliamentary …

4. Canada is the second largest country in the world after …

5. Canada is also geologically active, having many … potentially active …

6. One of the important producers of …, …, and other …

Exercise 3. Give Russian equivalents to these words and word combinations:

Total, millenia, both, northern portion, stretching, distinct, geologically active, volcanic complex, resources, producer of, confidence, symbolic, court,judges, ministeґs appointment.