B) Fill in the gaps with the word-combinations from part a).
A) Match the English word combinations with their Russian equivalents.
Exercise 15
Courts
Section 2
Make use of the expressions below.
| HOW TO MAKE A PRESENTATION |
| 1. Greeting the audience Good morning/good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for coming |
| 2. Introducing yourself My name is ….and I’m +position I’m +name+from+organization |
| 3. Stating the purpose Today I'm going to tell you about... I’m here today to talk about… |
| 4. Stating the main points My presentation consists of three parts First , I’ll tell you about…. Second , I’ll talk about.... Finally, we are going to look at… |
| 5. Main part a) Let's start/begin with ... Now let's move on to ... And finally I'd like to turn to… b) Showing visuals and giving more details I'd like to show you a picture/a photo.. I'd like to add (that)… |
| 6. Summarizing So, first I spoke about Then we talked about Finally, we looked at |
| 7. Conclusion In conclusion, I’d like to say that… |
| 8. Questions Now if you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them |
Pronunciation practice.
Practise saying the words:
[æ] in´valid; e´xamine; handle
[ai] comprise; higher; compliance; by
[ə:] certain; commercial; first; interpret; third
[ɛə] declare; there
[k]´competent
[ʃ] cassation; relation; issue; officially; session; initiate
[tʃ] structure; such
[ð] within; other; with; whether
[s]proceeding; council
[gz] e´xecutive; e´xamine
Exercise 16
| 1. constituent entities | a. кассационная инстанция |
| 2. to handle cases (or appeals) | b. субъекты Федерации |
| 3. appeals against the decisions | c. проверять законы |
| 4. instance of cassation | d. апелляции на решения (судов) |
| 5. to examine laws | e. в рамках своей подведомственности |
| 6. within the jurisdiction | f. рассматривать дела (или апелляции) |
1. There are eighty three……. ….. in the Russian Federation.
2. …… ….. …… of the first instance court are handled by appellate courts.
3. The Constitutional Court can …… …….. at the federal level as to their compliance with the constitution.
4. Commercial courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation ….. …… as trial courts.
Text
Pre-reading task: Scan the text and entitle it.
The basic level of commercial courts comprises“commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation”. There are 81 such courts. These courts handle cases as the first instance court.
Appeals against the decisions of the first instance court are handled by appellate courts. Now there are 20 appellate courts.
The third level courts are the Federal Territorial Commercial Courts. There are 10 such courts. They handle cases as an instance of cassation in relation to the courts.
The highest level of commercial court is the Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation. The most important functions of the court is to issue decisions addressed to lower courts and to review cases by way of supervision.
The structure of the courts of general jurisdiction is provided by the Law on Court Organisation of 1996. The basic level of the system of the courts of general jurisdiction is the district court. In relation to the justices of the peace, district courts are the courts of a higher instance.The second level of courts are supreme courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest court within the system of courts of general jurisdiction.
The Constitutional Court is the only body that officially interprets the Constitution and can declare that a certain legal act is invalid.
The Court is competent to examine laws and legal acts at federal as well as at the regional level as regards to their compliance with the constitution.
The Constitutional Court can also resolve disputes about competence between state bodies if the dispute cannot be resolved by other means.
Exercise 17