The MacAndrews,who were Полковник Мак-Ендрю з
Хлібодар».
childless and in easy circum- дружиною,бездітні й добре
stances, arranged to undertake забезпечені, взяли на
the care of the children, and Mrs. утримання її дітей, так що місіс
Strickland had only herself to pro- Стрікленд заробляла тільки на
vide for. (Ibid.) себе.
b) Sometimes the article may substitute an implicit identifying/
interrogative pronoun and a particle expressing the contextual mean
ing of the emphatically used noun with the definite article. This can be
seen in the following exclamatory sentence:
Thepity of it! Thepity of it! Як жаль! Якийжаль! А
шкода! Дужешкода! The picture of contextual realizations of meanings pertained to the determining and identifying articles would be incomplete without some illustrations of their «deep», as one might call them, or interphrasal and superphrasal meanings, which the articles may acquire in some contexts. The interphrasal meaning of the definite or indefinite article may be elicited already from its contextual meaning at the level of the sentence. Cf.:
I looked at her mouth for anЯ позирав на її вуста - чи
expressionthat could give me а не майне там бодайтінь її clue to what she felt. (Maugham) душевного стану.
The meaning of the noun with the indefinite article (an expression)is clearly perceived from the content of the sentence where it may also be substituted for якийсь вираз/хоч якийсь вираз.
More or less transient is also the meaning of the underlined noun with the definite article in the following sentence:
Of the threatshe said noth- Власне жпро саму погрозу
ing. (O.Wilde) вона промовчала/не сказала
нічого. In some cases, however, it is next to impossible to translate a noun with the implicit meaning of its identifying or specifying article without an inquiry into the broader context of the whole work, as in the following sentence:
They sent me to Amsterdam Мене вірядили до
to try for a scholarship,and І Амстердама на конкурс,який
won it. (Maugham.) обіцяв стипендію в художній
школі,і я здобув її.
It goes without saying that such a descriptive translation of the noun (a scholarship)could be offered only by a translator well acquainted with the content of the preceding sentences or even of the whole paragraph.
There are, naturally, many more contextual realizations of the lexical meanings, pertaining to the definite and the indefinite articles, which they may acquire in a text/at speech level.
In view of the diversity of possible lexical realizations, which the English articles may have in speech, the student will be warned to employ not only their single word equivalents to express their meanings in Ukrainian. A thorough study of the broader context may sometimes help to find a more fitting substitute for a lexically charged indefinite or
definite article in Ukrainian. Thus, in the sentence He had aface that reminded me of a frog. (W.Lewis) the bold type indefinite article acan not be denied the meaning of the demonstrative pronoun таке.All this must be borne in mind when dealing with the lexically meaningful articles in the sentences of the exercise below. Unfortunately, the restricted space of the manual makes it impossible to give regular passages with the implicit (contextual) meanings of the definite and the indefinite articles.