Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 102
Переведите предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот.
Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь перевести словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Direction: backward direction; clockwise direction; counterclockwise direction; data direction; forward direction; inverse / reverse direction; negative direction; positive direction; printing direction; transmission direction.
Level: access level; application level; data level; device level; difficulty level; error level; function level; hardware level; high level; input level; output level; performance level; presentation level; program level; protection level; resource level; security level; software level; structural level; system level; transmisson level.
Processor: arithmetic processor; central processor; command processor; control processor; data processor; error processor; general-purpose processor; special-purpose processor; image processor; language processor; mail processor; message processor; numeric processor; parallel processor; peripheral processor; text processor.
Switch: to switch between programs; to switch between windows; to switch disks; to switch on; to switch off; to switch over; binary switch; command switch.
Step: conversion step; final step; procedure step; program step; programming step; step by step; one step at a time; to step down; to step out; to step up; to take steps.
1. Data being accessed randomly, semiconductor memories are called random access memory (RAM). 2. The information capacity of a single bit being limited to two alternatives, codes are based on combination of bits. 3. Primary storage having similarity to a function of the human brain, the storage is also called memory. 4. An electron leaving the surface, the metal becomes positively charged. 5. Computer system architecture being organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions must pass through it. 6. Computer system architecture is organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions passing through it.
7. Electromechanical memories depend upon moving mechan-
ical parts, their data access time being longer than is that of electronic memories. 8. For this reason most computer systems use electronic memory for primary storage, electromechanical memory being used for secondary storage. 9. Large capacity tape devices are used with large data processing systems, cassettes and cartridges being applied with small systems. 10. The CPU controls the operation of the entire system, commands being issued to other parts of the system.
7. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста2.
to manage ['таешёз] — управлять; организовывать;
справляться to obtain [ab'tein] — получать; достигать; добиваться
to cause — заставлять; вынуждать; вызывать; быть причиной; причина, основание
flow ['flou] — поток; ход (выполнения программы); последовательность
counter ['kauntaj — счетчик
register [rred3isto] — регистр; устройство регистрации; счетчик; датчик
instruction register — регистр команд
storage register — регистр памяти; запоминающий регистр
address register — адресный регистр
temporarily [ЧетрэгэпЬ] — временно
decoder [di'kouda] — дешифратор
operand address [ops'raind a'dres] — адрес (хранения) операнда
mark ['mak] — отметка; маркер; знак; помечать; обозначать; выделять
timing mark — отметка времени
accumulate [s'kjimyuleit] — накапливать(ся); суммировать; собирать(ся)
accumulator — сумматор; накапливающий регистр; устройство суммирования
compare [кэт'рсэ] — сравнивать; соотноситься
103 Unit & Central Processing Unit
comparer [кэт'реэгэ] — компаратор; устройство сравнения
content ['kontsnt]— содержимое; смысл; объем; количество
involve [in'volv] — включать; содержать; заключать (в себе)
core ['ka] — суть; основная часть; ядро; оперативная память
add feed] — складывать; суммировать; прибавлять; присоединять
added — добавочный; дополнительный adder — сумматор; блок суммирования at least — по крайней мере