Лексические упражнения

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

Текст A

FLOOR REQUIREMENTS

 

The floor must be designed considering all the functions it will be required to perform. The following factors are important in determining the span to be adopted for the floor slab:

• The span of the slab should fit in with the dimensions of the planning grid for the building.

• The thickness of the concrete slab depends not only on structural factors, but also on such requirements as sound insulation and fire protection.

• The spacing of the floor beams is determined by the maximum permissible width necessary for transportation of the precast concrete units, the main joints of which are parallel to these floor beams.

Lightweight concrete used either as a filler material or as a structural material, reduces the weight of the floor. However, it may involve some loss of sound insulation and fire protection. Furthermore, with long spans and heavy loads, the weight advantage of lightweight concrete may be reduced because deeper sections are necessary.

The degree of evenness of the surface of the structural floor depends on the method of construction. The dimensional tolerances inherent in the construction of an in-situ concrete floor require the application of a screed as a preliminary finishing layer over the slab. Smaller tolerances are obtained when in-situ concrete is placed on permanent formwork, such as precast concrete units or steel troughs. A floor composed of precast concrete units generally requires only a very thin screed. If these units are precast in standardised steel moulds, a surface of such evenness can be obtained that the floor covering may be laid directly upon the structural floor.

Normally, a steel floor cannot be considered as watertight. To make it watertight an in-situ concrete floor should be laid in one continuous operation, without construction joints, and the concrete itself should be of good quality and well compacted.

 

Notes:

evenness n. ровность (поверхности)

preliminary adj. предварительный

 

1. What are the factors important in determining the span for the floor slab?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the use of lightweight concrete for floor slabs?

3. What does the degree of evenness of the structural floor depend on?

4. Why is the application of a screed required?

5. How are smaller tolerances obtained?

6. What should be done to achieve very high evenness of the structural floor?

7. How can watertightness of the structural floor be obtained?

 

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

 

screed (n. ), tolerance (n. ), watertight (adj. ), covering (n. ), dimensional tolerance, permissible (adj. ), inherent (adj. ), compact (v. ), trough (n. ), construction joint, structural floor, mould (n. ), finishing (n. ), spacing (n. ), requirement (n. ).

 

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

 

соответствовать, операция, сокращать, легкий бетон, нагрузка, более того, огнезащита, как, балка перекрытия, уплотнять, водонепроницаемый, ширина, постоянная опалубка, получать, главный, сборный бетон.

 

Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте термины, связанные с проектированием и возведением перекрытий. Перечислите их и дайте перевод на русский язык.

 

Упражнение 4. Какие из указанных переводов слов являются ошибочными. Укажите правильный перевод.

 

Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:

 

(Продолжение. Начало в упражнении 5 урока 2.7, стр.42 )

1. In one kind of construction, blocks of materials such as brick, stone, or (1)… are joined together to form (2)… walls. These materials are heavy, however they have high (3)… strength. Walls made up of blocks support the building and divide the space in the (4)… .

2. In another type of construction, sheet materials (листовой материал)are used to (5)… walls which act as both space-dividers and structural support. Timber, concrete and some (6)… can be made into large rigid sheets and (7)… to form a building.

3. Rod materials (8)… used for structural support but not for dividing spaces. Timber, steel and concrete can be formed into rods and used (9)… columns. Rod materials with high tensile and compressive (10)… can be fixed together to form framed structures.