Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на согласование времён в английском языке.
1. The experiments (эксперимент) showed that high quality of a steel joint resulted both from the strength of steel and from its ductility (вязкость).
2. The experiments show that high quality of a steel joint results both from the strength of steel and from its ductility.
3. They promised (обещать) that the precast concrete units would be brought to the site tomorrow.
4. They promise that the precast concrete units will be brought to the site tomorrow.
5. The lecturer (лектор) said that many great buildings had been constructed on the basis of experience.
6. The lecturer says that many great buildings were constructed on the basis of experience.
7. The tests showed creep was about double at 70°C than that at 20°C.
8. The tests show creep is about double at 70°C than that at 20°C.
9. We were told that at 480°C (900°F) steel kept about two-thirds of its original stiffness and strength.
10. We are told that at 480°C (900°F) steel keeps about two-thirds of its original stiffness and strength.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения, определите функцию слова “one”.
1. A multi-storey building has a number of floors which are erected one above the other.
2. Structural carbon steel is the one most important for the construction industry.
3. One must know the qualities of building materials.
4. One of the simplest types of construction is the solid concrete slab.
5. The floor beams transmit the loads in one direction only.
6. In contrast to cast-in-place concrete construction precast one requires connections to tie the structure together.
7. When you take a pile of books and apply pressure to the end pair not one of the books will fall out if the pressure is enough.
8. These beams are too long, we need shorter ones.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие словосочетания. Обратите внимание на прилагательные с суффиксами -ant/-ent .
sufficient strength, different properties, permanent stress, fire resistant, important characteristics, significant advantage, convenient conditions.
Упражнение 4. Переведите производные согласно схеме
прилагательное + -ness = существительное
useful - usefulness
serious - seriousness
weak - weakness
dark (тёмный) – darkness
hard (твёрдый) – hardness
brittle – brittleness
stiff (жёсткий) – stiffness
Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод степеней сравнения прилагательных.
1. Structural carbon steel is the most important class of steel for the construction industry.
2. However steels with higher carbon contents are more brittle at low temperatures and more difficult to weld.
3. Although the use of high strength steel will often produce a lighter structure for the same design strength than one in a weaker material, the structure may suffer from excessive deflection or instability.
4. In such cases it may be necessary to use a larger amount of material of a lower quality or a different material, such as wood.
5. High strength connections are much easier made between steel components than between timber and precast concrete ones.
6. The most common way is to stretch steel bars or wires that are called tendons (напрягаемая арматура).