Angling

DARE

 

Dare means “to have the courage /impertinence to do something”. In the negative it denotes the lack of courage to do something. Dare may take auxiliary to form the negative and the interrogative forms, it may be followed by the bare infinitive or by the infinitive with the particle to. As an ordinary verb it is followed by an infinitive with to, with “-s” in the third person singular and with questions and negatives formed with do.

E.g. He never dares to criticize her for wasting money and she doesn’t dare to interrupt him when he’s working.

As a modal auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive without to, with no third person singular S and with questions and negatives without do.

E.g. Dare she tell him what she thinks about him? She daren’t say anything. He will only shout at her. “How dare you speak to me like that?” he will say.

Howdare you ask her about it!

Dare as well as need may be used as a normal verb having three forms: dare, dared and will dare, and as a modal verb, too.

 

 

E.g. Youdare address me in that tone! How dare youto go out without my permission! He didn’t dare to meet his uncle. Did hedare to strike me? You know you didn’t dare give that order! I can’t look down, I daren’t. Dare we go in yet?

In the affirmative sentences dare is mostly used as “I dare say” (sometimes spelled “Daresay”) in the meaning “I suppose” (“я полагаю ...”) only with the indefinite infinitive.

E.g. I dare say you’re right. I dare say I'm pretty hungry after all that cycling.

Differences in use are not as fixed or clear cut betweendoesn’t dare toanddaren’tas they are between doesn’t need to and needn’t, except in expressions or collocations such as:

E.g. How dare you? - How dare you walk away when I’m talking to you?
E.g. I dare you to… - I dare you to go up to him and ask him for a date. (Ну, подойди же к нему и пригласи на свидание.)

You may find mixed modal/ordinary verb structures, such as:

E.g. He didn't dare complain about the quality of the food.

E.g. Don’t you dare! – Don’t you dare throw that snowball at me!

 

Note. Dare, like other modals, is never used in progressive form and need is not often used in progressive form:

E.g. I was driving as fast as I dared.

E.g. Are you driving into town today, Tom? Jack needs a lift.

E.g. Will you be needing any help with your homework?

 

Exercise 221. Read and translate the sentences into Russian. State the meaning of the modal verb dare.

 

1. You see, we don’t dare use this dirt road after the rain. 2. She daren’t mention this accident in his presence. 3. How dare you leave me here all alone? 4. Charlie was a compassionate boy, so he didn’t dare leave Mrs. Forrester alone at the bus stop. 5. I daresay, we have never thought that she may move out. 6. They have never dared set their foot on her doorstep. 7. Don’t you dare tell me any more lies! 8. Sheila never dare ask him about his late wife. 9. I dare you to invite him for dinner tomorrow. 10. Dare you look away when I’m talking to you?

 

Exercise 222. Read the poems, mind the use of dare.

Courage

George Herbert

 

Dare to be true:

Nothing can need

A lie;

The fault that needs

One most

Grows two thereby.

 

I, too

Langston Hughes

 

I, too, sing America.

I am the darker brother.

Tomorrow,

I’ll sit at the table

When company comes

Nobody’ll dare

Say to me,

“Eat in the kitchen,”

Then.

Besides,

They’ll see how beautiful I am

And be ashamed –

I, too, am America.

Exercise 223. Express your attitude using dare.

 

Model. He has hit a child! – How dare/dared he do it! It’s highly improper! That’s unheard of!

 

1. He will never call back. 2. She took the files without our permission. 3. Fran is so bold. She took my bike and left. 4. You parked your car on the area designated for handicapped! 5. How can you ask me about the circumstances of my birth? 6. We can stay a day more, can’t we? 7. He put his muddy boots on the table. 8. I think I will have another helping of apple pie. 9. She didn’t inform us of her visit. 10. He has had a beer and he still wants to drive back home.

 

Exercise 224. Translate into Russian using your Active Grammar.

 

1. Смеем ли мы сказать ему об этом? 2. Он не посмеет рассмотреть их предложение раньше! 3. Да как вы смеете со мной так говорить? 4. Сколько раз он подходил к дому Келли, но так и не осмелился приблизиться. 5. Смею заметить, превосходная была уха! 6. Я думаю, у него хватит наглости отправить это письмо. 7. Да как ты можешь есть мясо, сейчас же пост! 8. Не смей курить, в комнате ребенок. 9. Если она посмеет упомянуть о той вечеринке, она свое получит! 10. Не смотря на предупреждение он посмел появиться в суде.

TOPIC: Sport and games. Health and physical shape. Sport in Great Britain.

Exercise 225. Match the following words with the verbs below:

  bike riding, bowling, hiking, jogging, rollerblading, skiing, swimming, walking, badminton, baseball, basketball, Frisbee, golf, soccer, tennis, volleyball, aerobics, calisthenics, karate, yoga  
  go     play     do  

Exercise 226. Role-play the jokes.

 

***

The champion athlete in bed with a cold was told that he had a temperature.

“How high is it, Doctor?” he wanted to know.

“A hundred and one.”

“What’s the world’s record?”

 

***

“Why do you play golf so much?”

“It keeps me fit.”

“What for?”

“Golf.”

 

***

Golfer: “Absolutely shocking! I’ve never played so badly before.”

Caddy: “Oh! You have played before, then?”

 

***

The boxer returned to his dressing-room looking drawn and haggard, for he had had a terrific beating in the ring. He felt absolutely done, and looked it. He opened his eyes when the promoter approached.

“Hard lines, Jack,” said the promoter as he gazed down at his battered charge; “but I have good news for you!”

“Well, what’s the good news?”

“I’ve been lucky enough to fix a return match for you!”

Exercise 227. Read the text. Make up a plan of it. Find out about the Winter Olympic Games and share this information with class. What countries were the Olympic Games held at? (Use a map)

 

The Olympic Games.

 

The Olympic Games began in Olympia, Greece. No one knows the exact date, but it was more than 3,000 years ago. The first Olympic Games that were recorded in history

 

 

took place in 776 B.C. After that, we know that they happened every four years until 394 A.D.

These original Olympic Games were part of religious festivals to honour the Greek gods. Every four years a truce was called and all wars stopped for one month. In the beginning, the only contest was a 190 meter sprint, and then other contests such as chariot racing, boxing and wrestling were added to the Games. The pentathlon is still important in today’s Olympic Games, although all five events are different. Only men were allowed to participate in the ancient Olympics.

The original Olympic Games lasted until 394 A.D., when they were stopped by the Romans. By that time, Greece had become part of the Roman Empire. The Romans, who were Christians, felt that the Olympic Games glorified the body and were pagan rituals.

For 1,500 years there were no Olympic Games. In the late 1800’s, an idealistic Frenchman with a dream brought them back. His name was Baron Pierre de Coubertin, and his dream was to bring the people of the world together through athletics. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece in 1896. Women could participate in very few events.

Since 1896, the Olympic Games have been held every four years except during World Wars I and II. There have been many changes since the days of the ancient Olympics. More events have been added and more countries send their athletes to participate in the Olympic Games.

In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) made important changes in the rules: the professional athletes are now allowed to compete in several sports and the Winter Olympic Games are separated from the Summer Olympic Games. The Winter Olympic Games are held 2 years before the Summer Olympic Games.

Once every two years, athletes from the nations of the world come together to compete in a series of athletic events called the Olympic Games. There are two sets of games – the winter games and the summer games. Some of the events involve individual athletes competing against each other, and some events involve a group of athletes, called a team, competing against other teams.

There are more than 20 kinds of competitive games in the Summer Olympic Games, for instance archery, basketball, boxing, cycling, diving, gymnastics, rowing, shooting, swimming, track and field, water polo, volleyball, wrestling and yachting. Many of these competitions have several events. For example, the track and field event includes, for both men and women, 26 different running events, 6 jumping events and 7 throwing events.

The purpose of all international athletic competition is to bring athletes together to compete and to strive for excellence. The reward is not money, but a single prize, a medal. In the Olympic Games, the winner (first place) receives a gold medal. The runner-up (second place) receives a silver medal, and the second runner-up (third place) receives a bronze medal. One of the great thrills of the Olympic Games is the moment when the winners receive their medals. This is their reward for the skill, discipline and courage and the many years of hard work it took them to achieve athletic excellence.

 

Here is the list of the Olympic sites from 1896 to 2008.

Summer Games Winter Games
1896 Athens 1924 Chamonix
1900 Paris 1928 St. Moritz
1904 St. Lois 1932 Lake Placid
1908 London 1936 Garmish-Partenkirchen
1912 Stockholm 1948 St. Moritz
1920 Antwerp 1952 Oslo
1924 Paris 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo
1928 Amsterdam 1960 Squaw Valley
1932 Los Angeles 1964 Innsbruck
1936 Berlin 1968 Grenoble
1948 London 1972 Sapporo
1952 Helsinki 1976 Innsbruck
1956 Melbourne 1980 Lake Placid
1960 Rome 1984 Sarajevo
1964 Tokyo 1988 Calgary
1968 Mexico City 1992 Albertville
1972 Munich 1994 Lillehammer
1976 Montreal 1998 Nagano
1980 Moscow 2002 Salt Lake City
1988 Seoul 2006 Turin
1992 Barcelona  
1996 Atlanta  
2000 Sydney  
2004 Athens  
2008 Beijing  

 

Exercise 228. Read the text. Choose one kind of sports which is being developed in Russia and make a short report on the analogy of the information given below.

 

A to Z of Some Popular Sports in Britain.

One of the most popular countryside sports is angling, of which there are three main types: coarse, game and sea.

Angling is am overwhelmingly male sport, with an estimated ten times as many male as female participants among Britain’s 4 million anglers. Many fish for salmon and trout, particularly in the rivers and lochs of Scotland and in Wales. In England and Wales the most widely organized form of angling is for coarse fish. Separate organizations represent game, coarse and sea fishing clubs in sport, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The National Federation of Anglers in England organizes national championships for coarse fishing and enters a team in the world angling championships.