И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
Passive Voice
Active Voice
Simple (V) | Continuous (to be + Ving) | Perfect (to have + Ved/3) | |
Present | I translate He translates Do you translate? Does he translate? I don’t translate He doesn’ttranslate | I am translating He is translating We are translating Are you translating I am not translating | I have translated He has translated Have you translated? Has he translated? I haven’t translated |
Past | I translated. (I went. 2f.) Did you translate? I didn’t translate. | I was translating We were translating Were you translating I wasn’t translating | I had translated Had you translated? I hadn’t translated |
Future | I shall/will translate. He will translate. Will you translate? I shan’t/won’t translate. | I shall/will be translating | I shal/will have translated Willyouhavetranslated? Ishan’t/won’t havetranslated |
Simple (to be + Ved/3f) | Continuous (to be + being + Ved/3f) | Perfect (to have + been + Ved/3) | |
Present | The letter istranslated The letters are translated Is the letter translated? Are the letters translated? The letter isn’t translated The letters aren’t translated | The letter is beingtranslated The letters are being translated Is the letter being translated? Are the letters being translated? The letter isn’t being translated The letters aren’t being translated | The letterhas been translated The letters have been translated Has the letter been translated? Havethe letters been translated? The letter hasn’t been translated The letters haven’t been translated |
Past | The letter wastranslated The letters were translated Was the letter translated? Were the letters translated? The letter wasn’t translated The letters weren’t translated | The letter was being translated The letters were being translated Was the letter being translated? Were the letters being translated? The letter wasn’t being translated The letters weren’t being translated | The letter had been translated Had the letter been translated? The letter hadn’t been translated |
Future | The letter will be translated Will the letter be translated? The letter won’t be translated | The letter will have been translated Will the letter have been translated? The letter won’t have been translated |
Глагол | Значение | Present | Past | Future |
can/could | 1.умение, способность 2. возможность 3. просьба в вежливой форме | I can translate it. Could you please translate the article? | I could translate articles when I was at school. | |
to be able (to) | Способность, возможность | I am able to translate the article/ | I was able to translate the article yesterday. | I will be able to translate the article tomorrow. |
must | 1.обязанность, моральный долг 2. приказ 3. уверенное предположение | I must translate this article. You must translate the article. He must be translating right now. | ||
to have (to) | Вынужденность, обязанность | I have to translate the article. | I had to translate it. | I will have to translate it. |
to be (to) | Долженствование в силу договоренности или плана | I am to translate the article. | I was to translate the article. | I will be to translate the article. |
should | 1.Обязанность (менее сильная, чем must) 2. Совет 3.Упрек, сожаление | I should to translate the article. You should translate articles more often. You should not translate articles so carelessly. | ||
May/might | 1.Разрешение 2. Неуверенное предположение | I may translate it. (1. Мне можно перевести это. 2. Я, может быть, переведу это.) | He said I might translate it. | |
To be allowed (to) | разрешение | I am allowed to translate it. | I was allowed to translate it. | I will be allowed to translate it. |