Типы местоимений

Местоимение

(The Pronoun)

Диагностический тест: Отметьте предложения ниже – верные (R) или неверные (W) и исправьте ошибки.

I. Личные местоименияв английском языке имеют два падежа: именительный и объектный.

Задание 1. Выберите подходящее по смыслу местоимение:

1. (We, us) all went with (their, them) to the dean’s office. 2. My friend came to see (I, me) last night. 3. Victor gave Peter and (I, me) new CD and we went to the library with (he, him) and his friend. 4. He told Mary and (me, I) to go with (he, him) and his sister. 5. They know all about my friend and (I, me). 6. An old man asked (we, us) to come and see (him, his). 7. Go with David and (her, she) to visit (they, them).

II. Притяжательные местоименияслужат определениями к существительным.

Herpaper was interesting. - Ее статья была интересная.

My office is large, yours is larger. - У меня большой офис, но у вас еще больше.

Задание 2. Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями 1 или 2 типа.

1. I have studied all ___ programs; can I have one of ___? 2. Peter has lost ___ file. 3. Mr. Brown and Mr. Black and a friend of ___ are visited our conference. 4. We are going to Moscow to buy new hardware with a friend of ___. 5. I have made ___ report, and Mary has made ___, so come and make ___ now. 6. Susan wants to know if you have seen ___ file.

Задание 3. Выберите подходящее по смыслу местоимение:

1. They invited me to (them, their) lecture. 2. He couldn’t answer (his, he) professor. 3. They were (your, you) former students. 4. You are (us, our) colleagues. 5. This is (my, me) site. 6. Where is the dictionary? (He, it) is in (his, its) place on the table.

Задание 4. Выберите подходящее по смыслу местоимение:

1. Your motherboard is new, but (my, mine) is not. 2. She says that modem is (her, hers). 3. You can run program without my help, but not without (their, theirs.)4. Will you help me to sort these discs? I cannot tell which are (your, yours) and which are (our, ours). 5. It is a keyboard of (my, mine). 6. Do you know (your, yours) lesson today? He does not know (him, his). 7. This is your notebook and this is his, but where is (her, hers)?

Задание 5. Найдите существительные, которые заменены выделенными местоимениями.

1. An error in the program was caused by a malfunction in the computer or its related equipment. 2. EBCDIC is an acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It is the standard code used in IBM equipment. 3. Many people have executed benchmarks on Linux systems and found them comparable. 4. Linux was originally developed as a hobby by Linux Torwalds. Minix inspired him.

III. Возвратные и усилительные местоимения: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesмогут соответствовать русской частице – ся в возвратных глаголах: She washed herself. - Она умылась. Эти же местоимения употребляются как усилительные: We saw it ourselves. -Мы сами видели это. Возвратные местоимения могут опускаться после глаголов: to shave, to bathe, to hide, to dress, to wash.Возвратные местоимения не употребляются после глаголов: to behave, to concentrate, to feel, to meet, to relax.

Задание 6. Заполните пропуски возвратными местоимениями:

1. I’ll give you the money to buy the trees, but you’ll have to plant them ___. 2. We’d like to make the shelves ___. 3. The work ___ isn’t difficult, but we simply haven’t the time to do it. 4. The tents ___ were small, but there was a big building where we could play or read when the weather is rainy. 5. Buy me some fruit and take some for ___. 6. The old man was walking up the street talking to ___. 7. I always draw the pictures for our wall newspaper ___. 8. How do you know the things? – Ann told me everything ___. 9. Nobody wants to go with me, so I’ll go

by ___. 10. I hear you are going to Paris. I hope you will enjoy ___.

IV. Указательные местоимения: this – these, that - those, such, the same, it.

Местоимения this и that имеют формы единственного и множественного числа: this-these, that-those.

This/ these, that/ those могут заменять существительное, чтобы избежать повторения существительного соответственно в единственном или во множественном числе и переводиться на русский язык тем существительным, которое они заменяют, или вовсе не переводится. В этом случае обычно за этими указательными местоимениями следует дополнение с предлогом: The climate of this part of the country differs from thatof our region. - Климат этой части страны отличается от климата нашего района.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление местоимения that:

1. That student studies in our group. 2. Do you knot those girls? They are from our institute. 3. The professor that lectures on mechanics is the dean of our faculty. 4. That higher education in this country is excellent is known to everybody. 5. The program for the first-year students differs from that of the third-year students. 6. There are many interesting articles in this journal, read those of your specialty.

Задание 8. Назовите существительные, которые заменены следующими местоимениями:

1. These discs are hard and those are floppy. 2. Your variants are more effective than those of your colleagues. 3. The keys in the main portion of the keyboard are laid out like those of a standard typewriter. 4. The function keys aren’t important as those in the table. 5. An electronic document is much more efficient than that a paper. 6. The speed of 96,000 characters per second is that of 8,000 words per minute. 7. Keys for controlling MS-DOS are much the same as those as Windows.

V. Вопросительные и относительные местоимения: who (кто?), whom (кого?), whose (чей?), what (что?), which (какой? который?)

Задание 9. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

VI. Неопределенные местоимения some, any и отрицательное местоимение no и их производные:

Значение неопределенных местоимений и перевод их на русский язык зависят от типа предложения, в котором они употребляются: утвердительное, вопросительное или отрицательное.

Задание 10. Вставьте вместо пропусков “some”, ”any”, ”no”:

1. Are there ___ students here from Japan? 2. There are ___ students here from Japan, but there are not ___ from India. 3. Is there ___ news? –Yes, there are ___ letters on the desk. 4. If ___ difficulties arise, let me know. 5. They have ___ really good friends. Have you got ___? 6. Can anybody of you help us? - ___ problem. 7. Would you like ___ ice cream, please? - ___ more, thank you, I’ve had ___. 8. I take ___ sugar with my tea, it fattens me. 9. He told us ___ strange story. 10. They haven’t got ___ conveniences in their country house but they are going to get ___.

Задание 11. Вставьте вместо пропусков “somebody”, ”anybody”, ”nobody”:

1. It is so dark here! Can you see ___ in front of us? 2. Do you know that ___ has broken the door to the laboratory? 3. Do you know ___ here? 4. She said she could recognize ___because of their painted faces. 5. Is there ___ at home? –No, there is ___ in. 6. I’m sure there is ___ inside, just knock louder! 7. If ___ comes, he will give you a call. 8. Are you waiting for ___? 9. Don’t be silly! There is ___ there.

Задание 12. Вставьте вместо пропусков “something”, ”anything”, ”nothing”:

1. I’m sure ___ can be done under the circumstances. 2. There is always ___ I don’t understand. 3. Is there ___ else you would like me to explain to you? 4. Nelly has got very important news. It’s ___ you would like to hear. 5. I don’t want ___ at all. 6. I think there is ___ strange about this man. 7. ___ ever interests him. 8. Shall we go anywhere for the weekend? – Sorry, we can’t we all have ___ to do. 9. Everybody thinks he should buy ___ for the party. 10. ___ serious can come out of this.

Задание 13. Переведите предложения с местоимением one в различных функциях:

1. One must study a lot to become an engineer. 2. We must write only one exercise now. 3. Engineer is one of the most important professions; it is the one that is taught at technical institutes. 4. One cannot translate such an article without a dictionary in the first year. 5. One must have a very good knowledge of general engineering subjects to become a good engineer. 6. One must pass all exams well to enter the institute. 7. Last summer I read many English technical articles, and my friend read some German ones. 8. This summer we shall spend in the country, the last one we spent in the city. 9. We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate. 10. One can take this journal from the library.

Производные слова от местоимений some, any, no, every

opinion (мнение) – value (ценность) -size (размер) – age (возраст) – shape (форма) – colour (цвет) – origin (происхождение) – material (материал) – purpose (цель) – temperature (температура) - noun.

9. Морфологическая структура наречий:

1. Простые наречия (enough, then)

2. Производные наречия (slowly, likewise, forward)

3. Сложные наречия (anyhow, sometimes, nowhere)