Morphological grouping
1) Root or morpheme words. Their stem contains one free morpheme. E.g. dog, hand
2) Derivatives. They contain no less than two morphemes of which at least one is bound. E.g. handy, handful, dogged, doggedly
3) Compound words. They consist of not less than two free morphemes. E.g. dog-cheap (very cheap), dog-days (hottest part of the year), handball, handbook
4) Compound derivatives. They consist of not less than two free morphemes and suffix. E.g. dog-legged (crooked or bent like a dog’s hind leg), left-handed
5) Word-families. The words are grouped according to the root morpheme or according to a common suffix or prefix. E.g. hand, handy, handicraft, handbag, handful, handmade, handsome; gladsome, handsome, tiresome, troublesome, wholesome, winsome
6) Notional words. They can stand alone and yet have meaning and form a complete utterance. They can name different objects of reality, the qualities of these objects and actions or the process in which they take part. They can also express the attitude of the speaker towards reality.
7) Form or functional words. They are empty words or auxiliaries are lexical units which are called words, although they do not confirm to the definition of the word because they are used only in combination with notional words or in reference to them. This group comprises auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and relative adverbs.
8) Linguist Charles Fries gives four classes of morphological grouping. Class I – denotes N words, all nouns, some pronouns and numerals occupying the same positions. Class II – denotes V words, verbs with the exception of the auxiliaries. Class III– denotes A words, adjectives, some pronouns and numerals used attributively. Class IV– denotes D words, adverbs and some noun phrases.
Literature:
1. G.B. Antrushina “English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M.1999
2. I.V. Arnold “The English Word”, “Vyssaja skola”, M. 1973, 1989
3. S.I. Ginsburg “A Course in Modern English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M. 1979
4. R.Z. Ginaburg “A Course in Modern English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M.1973
5. T.I. Arbekova “English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M.1977
Additional literature:
1. A.V. Minajeva, B.K.Trnolieva “Modern English Lexicology”, 1989
2. E.M. Mednikova “Seminars in English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M.1978
Internet sources:
1. file: // A: // lexicographical problems.htm.
2. file: // A: // ling. Dictionaries.htm.
3. www.google.com.
4. www.yahoo.com
5. www.rambler.com
6. ftp: // ftp.clres.com/pub/clres/lexicology/primer.txt-2003
7. file: // A: / Lora. Doc/ from.Latin.htm-2003
8. Electronic book of the university:
Электронный учебник по лексикологии английского языка.
Составители: Сыздыкова Г.Н., Булатова С.М. Алматы, 2001
9. Multimedia lectures and seminars compiled by the instructor of English lexicology: senior teacher Asanova G.S.
Problematic questions:
- Why the morphological grouping is the main or central in vocabulary?
- What are the distinguishing differences between notional and functional words?
Subtheme # 3: “Lexico-grammatical grouping”
Thesis: