Фазовая автоподстройка частоты
\U1STANDARD
\U2BOLD__L
\U3NORM__L
\U5NORM_SL
\U9MATH
\U0DRAWSYM
\U!SMALL_R
\U"BOLD__R
\U#NORM__R
\U$ITAL__R
\U)MATH_I
\U*LINEDRAW
\pPL 128
\pPF 1
\pTF 1
\pRM 59
\pLM 8
\pTM 0
\pBM 0
\pPI 0
\pJU 1
\pHS 2
\pDS 1
\pEN 0
\pSP 1
\pTA 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 71 76
\pPS 1
\pTS 1
\HD
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#- \@ -\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\*------------------------------------------------------------\,
\-
\=
\FD
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\=
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1. \#J,obt cdtltybz j, FGX\3.\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\#Cbcntvs FGX utnthjlbyf ghbtvybrf \ ghbvtyz.n \ xfot
\-
\+
\+
dctuj lkz evtymitybz jnrkjytybq \ ghjvt;enjxyjq \ xfcnjns
\-
\+
\+
jn \ yjvbyfkmyjuj \ pyfxtybz\3, \ \#dspdfyys[ \ \ ytcnf,bkmyjcnm.
\-
\+
\+
xfcnjn \ gthtlfnxbrf \ b \ \ utnthjlbyf\3. \ \ \#Ghbvtytybt \ \ FGX
\-
\+
\+
wtktcjj,hfpyj ghb \ ,jkmib[ \ ytcnf,bkmyjcnz[ \ xfcnjn\3. \ \#D
\-
\+
\+
'njv ckexft \ gjkjcf \ ghjgecrfybz \ ghbtvybrf \ pyfxbntkmyj
\-
\+
\+
ibht jgnbvfkmyjq\3. \ \#FGX \ ghbvtyz.n \ nfr;t \ d \ abkmnhf[\3,
\-
\+
\+
\#cktlzob[ pf cbuyfkfvb c \ vtlktyyj \ bpvtyz.otqcz \ afpjq
\-
\+
\+
bkb xfcnjnjq\3, \#d ltvjlekznjhf[ cbuyfkjd c XV b AV\1, \,
\-
\+
\+
\#b n\3.\#l\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#Ghbywbg ltqcndbz \ FGX \ cjcnjbn \ d \ fdnjvfnbxtcrjv
\-
\+
\+
bpvthtybb jnrkjytybz ghjvt;enjxyjq xfcnjns ghbtvybrf jn
\-
\+
\+
yjvbyfkmyjuj \ pyfxtybz \ \ bkb \ \ xfcnjns \ \ gjlcnhfbdftvjuj
\-
\+
\+
utnthjlbyf jn ytrjnjhjuj j,hfpwjdjuj pyfxtybz \ b \ gjl-\A
\-
\+
\+
cnhjqrt utnthjlbyf nfrbv j,hfpjv\3, \#xnj,s jnrkjytybt \ yt
\-
\+
\+
ghtdsifkj ytrjnjhjuj pyfxtybz\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#Gj \ ghbywbge \ ltqcndbz \ \ bpvthbntkmyjuj \ \ 'ktvtynf
\-
\+
\+
hfpkbxf.n ldf dblf FGX\3: \#cbcntvs afpjdjq fdnjgjlcnhjqrb
\-
\+
\+
xfcnjns (AFGX) b xfcnjnyjq (XFGX)\3. \#D cbcntvf[ XFGX d
\-
\+
\+
rfxtcndt bpvthbntkmyjuj 'ktvtynf bcgjkmpetncz \ xfcnjnysq
\-
\+
\+
lbcrhbvbyfnjh\3, \#f d AFGX - afpjdsq\3. \#Cbcntvs \ AFGX\3, \ \#d
\-
\+
\+
jnkbxbt jn XFGX\3, \#ghb gjcnjzyyjv \ dytiytv \ djpltqcndbb\3,
\-
\+
\+
\#yt dyjczn jib,re htuekbhjdfybz gj xfcnjnt\3. \#Jlyfrj ghb
\-
\+
\+
'njv \ djpybrftn \ cnfnbxtcrfz \ jib,rf \ htuekbhjdfybz \ gj
\-\/
\+
\+
afpt\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#D pfdbcbvjcnb jn [fhfrnthf hf,jns \ bpvthbntkmyjuj
\-
\+
\+
'ktvtynf cbcntvs FGX ltkzn yf cbcntvs ytghthsdyjuj \ b
\-
\+
\+
bvgekmcyjuj \ \ ltqcndbz\3, \ \ \#jceotcndkz.obt \ \ cjjndtncndtyyj
\-
\+
\+
ytghthsdyjt b lbcrhtnyjt ckt;tybt pf xfcnjnjq\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#D rfxtcndt 'ktrnhjyys[ eghfdkz.ob[ 'ktvtynjd \ d
\-
\+
\+
cbcntvf[ \ \ FGX \ \ bcgjkmpe.n \ \ \ nhfypbcnjhs\3, \ \ \ \#dfhbrfgs\3,
\-
\+
\+
\#ytkbytqyst rjyltycfnjhs \ b \ bylernbdyjcnb\3. \ \#Rhjvt \ njuj
\-
\+
\+
byjulf \ \ bcgjkmpe.ncz \ \ 'ktrnhjvt[fybxtcrbt \ \ eghfdkz.obt
\-
\+
\+
'ktvtyns\3, \#rjnjhst \ bpvtyz.n \ xfcnjne \ utnthjlbyf \ gentv
\-
\+
\+
bpvtytybz gfhfvtnhjd tuj rjynehf \ c \ gjvjom. \ 'ktrnhj-\A
\-
\+
\+
vt[fybxtcrjuj ghbdjlf\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#Hfccvjnhbv \ \ ,jktt \ \ gjlhj,yj \ \ cbcntvs \ \ \ afpjdjq
\-
\+
\+
fdnjgjlcnhjqrb xfcnjns \,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \12. \#cbcntvs afpjdjq fdnjgjlcnhjqrb\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ xfcnjns\3.\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\12.1. \#Cnhernehyfz c[tvf b ghbywbg ltqcndbz AFGX\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#Cbcntvs AFGX vjuen dsgjkyznm \ hfpkbxyst \ aeyrwbb\3.
\-
\+
\+
\#Tckb gfhfvtnhs \ j,hfpwjdjuj \ cbuyfkf \ ytgjcnjzyys\3, \ \#bkb
\-
\+
\+
rjulf yf d[jl \ cbcntvs \ dvtcnt \ c \ gjktpysv \ cbuyfkjv
\-
\+
\+
gjgflftn \ fllbnbdyfz \ gjvt[f\3, \ \#cbcntvf \ AFGX \ dsgjkyztn
\-
\+
\+
hjkm eprjgjkjcyjuj abkmnhf\3. \#Cbcntve AFGX \ vj;yj \ nfr;t
\-
\+
\+
bcgjkmpjdfnm \ lkz \ gjcnhjtybz \ ytkbytqyjuj \ abkmnhf \ \ b
\-
\+
\+
ltvjlekznjhf cbuyfkjd c XV b AV\3. \#Jcyjdyjt \ yfpyfxtybt
\-\/
\+
\+
AFGX \ d \ hflbjghbtvys[ \ \ ecnhjqcndf[ \ \ - \ \ cnf,bkbpfwbz
\-
\+
\+
xfcnjns vtcnyjuj utnthjlbyf \ lkz \ jceotcndktybz \ njxyjq
\-
\+
\+
yfcnhjqrb ghbtvybrf\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\#Cbcntvs \ \ AFGX \ \ vj;yj \ \ hfpltkbnm \ \ yf \ \ cbcntvs
\-
\+
\+
f,cjk.nyjq \ \ b \ \ ghjvt;enjxyjq \ \ xfcnjn\3. \ \ \#D \ \ \ cbcntvt
\-
\+
\+
f,cjk.nyjq \ xfcnjns \ (hbc\3.\#1\3,\#f) \ xfcnjnf \ utnthjlbyf \ \ d
\-
\+
\+
cnfnbxtcrjv ht;bvt \ njxyj \ hfdyf \ xfcnjnt \ cbuyfkf\3. \ \#D
\-
\+
\+
cbcntvt \ \ ghjvt;enjxyjq \ \ xfcnjns \ \ (hbc\3.\#1\3,\#,) \ \ \ xfcnjnf
\-
\+
\+
utnthjlbyf jnkbxftncz jn xfcnjns cbuyfkf \ yf \ dtkbxbye
\-
\+
\+
ghjvt;enjxyjq xfcnjns\3. \#Ghb 'njv jgjhyfz xfcnjnf \ hfdyf
\-
\+
\+
yjvbyfkmyjve pyfxtyb. ghjvt;enjxyjq xfcnjns\3.\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+ \*[---------------------------------------------------------]
\,
\- p p
\- \$f) ,) \*p\3U\!g \*p\3U\!g0
\- \3U\!al \*p p
\- u----o u----o u----o u----o u----o pu----o u----o
\- \3U\!c\*p p p p p p \3U\!c\*p p p p pp p p p
\- [-o \$AL \*u--o \$EC \*u--o \$A \*p [-o \$CV \*u--o\$EGX \*u--o \$AL \*u--o \$EC \*p
\- p p
\- m-i--. [----. m--i-. m-i--. m----. [----. m--i-.
\- p p p p
\- p\3U\!u \3U\!h\*p p\3U\!u \3U\!al\*p
\- p p p p
\- u----o u----o p u----o u----o\3U\!h\*u----o p
\- \3U\!u\*p p p p p p p p p p p p
\- [-o \$U \*u--o \$E" \*u-----] p \$U \*u--o \$E" \*u--o \$A \*u-----]
\-
\- m----. m----. m----. m----. m----.
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\- [---------------------------------------------------------]
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#hbc&1& Cnhernehyst c[tvs AFGX&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
Hfccvjnhbv \ ghbywbg \ ltqcndbz \ cbcntvs \ \ FGX^ \ \ d
\-
\+
\+
rjnjhjq d rfxtcndt abkmnhf \ bcgjkmpetncz \ \3RC \ \#- \ abkmnh
\-
\+
\+
yb;yb[ xfcnjn& \ Bpvthbntkmysv \ 'ktvtynjv \ cbcntvs \ AFGX
\-
\+
\+
zdkztncz afpjdsq ltntrnjh (cv& hbc& \ 1)& \ Htuekbhe.ott
\-\/
\+
\+
yfghz;tybt \3U\!h \#dshf,fnsdftncz gentv chfdytybz \ afp \ rj-\A
\-
\+
\+
kt,fybq \ gjlcnhfbdftvjuj \ \ b \ \ 'nfkjyyjuj \ \ utythfnjhjd&
\-
\+
\+
Gjcrjkmre \ hfpyjcnm \ afp \ \)D\9v\#(\3t\#) \ cdzpfyf \ c \ \ hfpyjcnm.
\-
\+
\+
xfcnjn \)D\9w\#(\3t\#) pfdbcbvjcnm.\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+ \5t
\+ \0i
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9v\#(\3t\#) = \ \)D\9w\#(\3t\#)\3dt\ \#^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^(\31\#)\,
\- \0j
\- \50
\-
\-
\+
\+
\#drk.xtybt d cbcntve \ FGX \ afpjdjuj \ ltntrnjhf \ 'rdbdf-\A
\-
\+
\+
ktynyj drk.xtyb. byntuhbhe.otuj pdtyf& "nj j,tcgtxbdftn
\-
\+
\+
fcnfnbpv \ cbcntvs \ gj \ xfcnjnt^ \ n&t& \ hfdtycndj \ yek.
\-
\+
\+
ecnfyjdbditqcz \ \ \ jib,rb \ \ \ ghb \ \ \ gjcnjzyyjv \ \ \ dytiytv
\-
\+
\+
djpltqcndbb^ yt ghtdsif.otv ytrjnjhjuj pyfxtybz&\,
\-
\+
\+
Eghfdktybt \ \ \ afpjq \ \ \ gjlcnhfbdftvjuj \ \ \ rjkt,fybz
\-
\+
\+
jceotcndkztncz c gjvjom. eghfdkz.otuj ecnhjqcndf \ (EE)-
\-
\+
\+
xfcnjnyjuj \ \ vjlekznjhf^ \ \ rjnjhsq \ \ bpvtyztn \ \ \ xfcnjne
\-
\+
\+
utythfwbb& Yf d[jl EE gjlftncz eghfdkz.ott \ yfghz;tybt
\-
\+
\+
\3U\!h \#^ \ rjnjhjt \ cdzpfyj \ c \ yfghz;tybtv \ \3U\!al \ \#lbaathty-\A
\-
\+
\+
wbfkmysv ehfdytybtv\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+ \3dU\!h
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \3RC \*[---] \3+ U\!h \3= U\!al\3.\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\32\#)\,
\-
\- \3dt
\-
\-
\+
\+
\#Ghb 'njv vs cxbnftv^ \ xnj \ ltntrnjhyfz \ [fhfrnt-\A
\-
\+
\+
hbcnbrf AL zdkztncz aeyrwbtq dblf\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \3U\!al \#= \3S\!al\#*\9j\#(\9v\#)^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^(\33\#)\,
\-
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
ult \9j\#(\9v\#) - d j,otv ckexft ytkbytqyfz aeyrwbz \ hfpyjcnb
\-
\+
\+
afp d[jlyjuj cbuyfkf b cbuyfkf utnthjlbyf&\,
\-\/
\+
\+
Cxbnfz^ xnj \ htuekbhjdjxyfz \ [fhfrnthbcnbrf \ utnt-\A
\-
\+
\+
hjlbyf jgbcsdftncz ehfdytybtv\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \3f\!u \3= f\!uy \3- S\!u\3U\!h \3+ \)D\3f\!u\#^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^(\34\#)\,
\-
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
ult \ \)D\3f\!u \ \#- \ yfxfkmyfz \ hfccnhjqrf \ utnthjlbyf^ \ \ yfqltv
\-
\+
\+
htuekbhe.ott yfghz;tybt \3U\!h\3:\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+ 1
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ U\!h \3= - \*[----]\3(\9w\!u \3- \9w\!uy \3- \)D\9w\!u\3)\#^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^(\35\#)\,
\- \32\9p\3S\!u
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+ 2
\+ \3d\9v\!u \3dU\!h \31 d \9v\!u
\^\ \ \ \ \#ult \9w\!u \#= \*[---]\#& Njulf\ \ \*[---] \#= - \*[----][--\!2\*-]\#&\ \ \ \^(\36\#)\,
\- \3dt dt 2\9p\3S\!u \3dt
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
\#Bp gjkextyyjuj \ cjjnyjitybz \ dblyj^ \ xnj \ afpjdsq
\-
\+
\+
ltntrnjh dshf,fnsdftn yfghz;tybt^ pfdbczott jn hfpyjcnb
\-
\+
\+
afp \9v\!u \#= \9v \#+ \9v\!c \#+ \9v\!g0 \#(\37\#)^ \ ult \ \9v\!g0 \ \#- \ \ afpf \ \ cbuyfkf
\-
\+
\+
jgjhyjuj utythfnjhf GX (cv& hbc& 1^,)&\,
\-
\+
\+
Lbaathtywbhez (\37\#)^ gjkexbv\3:\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+ \!2 2
\+ \3d\9v\!u \3d\9v \3d \9v\!u \3d \9v
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \*[---] \#= \*[--] \#+ \9w\!c \#+ \9w\!g0\ \3;\ \*[--\!2\*-] \#= \*[--\!2\*-\#&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^(8)\,
\- \3dt dt dt dt
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
\#Bnfr^ cjgjcnfdkzz \ dshf;tybz \ (8) \ b \ (5)^ \ (6)^
\-
\+
\+
gjkexbv \ lbaathtywbfkmyjt \ ehfdytybt \ dnjhjuj \ \ gjhzlrf^
\-
\+
\+
jgbcsdf.ott hfpyjcnm afp \9v \#d cbcntvt AFGX\3:\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+ \!2
\+ \3d \9v \3d\9v
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \3RC\*[--\!2\*- \3+ \*[--- \3+ 2\9p\3S\!al \3S\!u \9j\3(\9v\3) = \)D\9w\!u \3- \)D\9w\!c\ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(9)\,
\- \3dt dt
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
\#Htibnm \ gjkextyyjt \ ehfdytybt \ \ ljdjkmyj \ \ ckj;yj^
\-
\+
\+
gj'njve \ \ ghb \ \ vfks[ \ \ bpvtytybz[ \ \ \ xfcnjns^ \ \ \ rjulf
\-\/
\+
\+
cnfnbxtcrbt \ [fhfrnthbcnbrb \ EE \ b \ AL \ vj;yj \ cxbnfnm
\-
\+
\+
kbytqysvb^ \ [fhfrnthbcnbre \ \ htuekbhjdfybz \ \ (9) \ \ vj;yj
\-
\+
\+
ghtlcnfdbnm d dblt\3:\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+ d\9v
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \*[--] \#= \)D\9w\!yfx \#- 2\9p\3K\!afgx \9j\#(\9v\#)^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^(\31\#0)\,
\- \3dt
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\#ult \3K\!afgx \3= S\!al \3S\!u \3; \9w\!yfx \3= \)D\9w\!u \3- \)D\9w\!c\#&\,
\-
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
Dshf;tybt \ (\31\#0) \ yt \ exbnsdftn \ yfkbxbt \ abkmnhf^
\-
\+
\+
n&t& cxbnftncz^ xnj \3RC \#= 0& \ Afpjdsq \ gjhnhtn \ cbcntvs
\-
\+
\+
AFGX - uhfabr pfdbcbvjcnb \3d\9v\#/\3dt \#jn \9v \#ghb \ hfpkbxys[
\-
\+
\+
yfxfkmys[ hfccnhjqrf[ \)D\9w\!yfx \#- gjrfpfy yf hbc& 2&\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+\*[----------------------------------------------------------]
\+ I
\+ \3d\9v\*p
\+ [--o
\+ \3dt\*p
\+ p
\+ p
\+ p
\+ p
\+ p \)D\9w\!yfx\3>\#0
\+ \*p
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9w\!yfx\#=0\,
\- \*p
\- p \)D\9w\!yfx\3<\#0
\- \*p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p p p p p
\- [--------i-----i-----i-----i-----i---------------------L
\- \#0\*p
\- p \9p p \#3\9p \#2\9p v
\- \*p [-] [--]
\- p \#2 2
\- \*p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\- p
\-
\-[----------------------------------------------------------]
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#Hbc& 2& Afpjdsq gjhnhtn cbcntvs AFGX\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-\/
\+
\+
\12.2. \#Gjkjcf elth;fybz b gjkjcf dnzubdfybz cbcnt-\A
\-
\+
\+
vs AFGX&\,
\-
\+
\+
Bp hbc& 2& dblyj^ xnj d \ cnfwbjyfhyjv \ cjcnjzybb
\-
\+
\+
( rjulf \3d\9v\#/\3dt \#= 0 ) hfdyjdtcbt djpvj;yj njkmrj \ d \ njv
\-
\+
\+
ckexft^ rjulf rhbdfz \ \3d\9v\#/\3dt \ \#gthtctrftn \ jcm \ f,cwbcc&
\-
\+
\+
Vfrcbvfkmyjt pyfxtybt yfxfkmyjq hfccnhjqrb^ ghb rjnjhjq
\-
\+
\+
cbcntvf \ \ AFGX \ \ cgjcj,yf \ \ dsgjkyznm \ \ cdjb \ \ aeyrwbb^
\-
\+
\+
jghtltkztncz gjkjcjq \ elth;fybz \ \)D\9w\!el\#& \ Ghb \ ljcnfnjxyj
\-
\+
\+
cbkmyjv cbuyfkt yf \ d[jlt \ cbcntvs^ \ gjkjcf \ elth;fybz
\-
\+
\+
jghtltkztncz \ \ \ vfrcbvfkmysv \ \ \ pyfxtybtv \ \ \ htuekbhe.otuj
\-
\+
\+
yfghz;tybz^ \ f \ cktljdfntkmyj^ \ vfrcbvfkmysv \ \ pyfxtybtv
\-
\+
\+
\3U\!al\#^ rjnjhjt cjjndtncndetn pyfxtybzv eukf \,
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \9v \ \#= \ \33\#/2\9p \ - \#2\9p\3n \#^ ult \3n \#= 0^ \31\#^ &&& &\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
D 'njv ckexft gjkjcf elth;fybz hfdyf\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9w\!yfx \9= \#2\9p\3K\!afgx\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\311\#)\,
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
Ghjwtcc dnzubdfybz d ht;bv elth;fybz jghtltkztncz
\-
\+
\+
gjkjcjq \ dnzubdfybz^ \ rjnjhfz \ ghb \ jncencndbb \ abkmnhf
\-
\+
\+
hfdyf gjkjct elth;fybz& Ghb yfkbxbb abkmnhf \ \)D\9w\!D\3<\)D\9w\!el\#&
\-
\+
\+
Gjkjce \ \ dnzubdfybz \ \ j,sxyj \ \ ds,bhf.n \ \ nfr^ \ \ \ xnj,s
\-
\+
\+
dsgjkyzkjcm eckjdbt \,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9w\!d\3>\#2\)D\9w\!yfx\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\31\#2)
\-
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
Lkz \ \ \ edtkbxtybz \ \ \ gjkjcs \ \ \ \ dnzubdfybz \ \ \ \ ghbvtyz.n
\-
\+
\+
rjhhtrnbhe.obt abkmnhs&\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-\/
\+
\+
Rfr ,skj \ crfpfyj \ hfytt^ \ cbcntvf \ AFGX \ dyjcbn
\-
\+
\+
jib,re htuekbhjdfybz gj afpt\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9v\!ecn \#= \9v\!ecn \#- \33\#/2\9p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\31\#3)\,
\-
\-
\-
\-
\+
\+
Ghb \ \ ljcnb;tybb \ \ yfxfkmyjq \ \ hfccnhjqrb \ \ uhfybw
\-
\+
\+
j,kfcnb \ dnzubdfybz^ \ gjkexftncz \ vfrcbvfkmyjt \ pyfxtybt
\-
\+
\+
jib,rb \)D\9v\!ecn vf[ \#= \9+ p\#/2\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\12.3. \#Ecnjqxbdjcnm cbcntvs AFGX&\,
\-
\+
\+
Ecnjqxbdjcnm \ AFGX \ ljcnbuftncz \ \ ghb \ \ dsgjkytybb
\-
\+
\+
ythfdtycndf \3K\!afgx \3< \#0& \ Lkz \ dsgjkytybz \ 'njuj \ eckjdbz
\-
\+
\+
pyfrb \ rhenbpys \ cnfnbxtcrb[ \ [fhfrnthbcnbr \ AL \ b \ EE
\-
\+
\+
ljk;ys ,snm ghjnbdjgjkj;ysvb& \ {fhfrnthyjq \ jcj,tyyjcnm.
\-
\+
\+
cbcntvs \ AFGX \ zdkztncz \ nj^ \ xnj \ erfpfyyjt \ \ eckjdbt
\-
\+
\+
dsgjkybvj ytpfdbcbvj \ jn \ bc[jlyjuj \ cjcnjzybbz \ pyfrjd
\-
\+
\+
rhenbpys& \ "nj \ j,eckjdktyj \ gthbjlbxyjcnm. \ cnfnbxtcrjq
\-
\+
\+
[fhfrnthbcnbrb AL \ b \ tt \ cbvvtnhbxyjcnm. \ jnyjcbntkmyj
\-
\+
\+
jcb jhlbyfn&\,
\-
\+
\+
Jlyfrj tckb \ d \ cbcntvt \ cjlth;fncz \ eprjgjkjcyst
\-
\+
\+
abkmnhs^ \ dyjczobt \ pyfxbntkmyjt \ pfgfplsdfybt \ cbuyfkf^
\-
\+
\+
cbcntvf \ \ AFGX \ \ \ vj;tn \ \ \ ,snm \ \ \ ytecnjqxbdjq& \ \ \ Ghb
\-
\+
\+
bcgjkmpjdfybb jlyjpdtyyjuj \3RC \#- \ abkmnhf^ \ cbcntvf \ AFGX
\-
\+
\+
dctulf ecnjqxbdf^ yj ghjwtcc ecnfyjdktybz vj;tn yjcbnm
\-
\+
\+
rjkt,fntkmysq [fhfrnth ghb ,jkmijv pyfxtybb \ gjcnjzyyjq
\-
\+
\+
dhtvtyb abkmnhf&\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-\/
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \13. \#Rjv,bybhjdfyyfz cbcntvf AFGX - XFGX&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
Hfytt ,skj gjrfpfyj^ xnj cbcntvs \ AFGX \ j,kflf.n
\-
\+
\+
eprjq \ gjkjcjq \ dnzubdfybz^ \ pfdbczoe. \ jn \ \ gjcnjzyyjq
\-
\+
\+
dhtvtyb abkmnhf& D nj ;t \ dhtvz \ XFGX \ kbityf \ 'njuj
\-
\+
\+
ytljcnfnrf^ yj \ jyf \ dyjcbn \ jcnfnjxye. \ jib,re \ htue-\A
\-
\+
\+
kbhjdfybz gj xfcnjnt&\,
\-
\+
\+
Tckb nht,etncz ,scnhjltqcndbt \ cbcntvs^ \ f \ nfr;t
\-
\+
\+
ghb pyfxbntkmys[ rjkt,fybz[ \ xfcnjns \ d[jlyjuj \ cbuyfkf
\-
\+
\+
lkz evtymitybz afpjdjq jib,rb ghbvtyz.n rjv,bybhjdfyyst
\-
\+
\+
c[tvs \ AFGX \ - \ XFGX& \ Ckt;tybt \ pf \ xfcnjnjq \ d[jlyjuj
\-
\+
\+
cbuyfkf \ jceotcndkztncz \ cbcntvjq \ AFGX& \ Tt \ gfhfvtnhs
\-
\+
\+
db,bhf.ncz nfrbv j,hfpjv^ xnj,s \ vfrcbvfkmyj \ evtymibnm
\-
\+
\+
jib,rb ckt;tybz& Eprfz \ ievjdfz \ gjkjcf \ cbcntvs \ AFGX
\-
\+
\+
gjpdjkztn gjkexbnm ,jkmijt \ jnyjitybt \ cbuyfk/iev& \ Lkz
\-
\+
\+
j,ktuxtybz gjbcrf \ cbuyfkf^ \ f \ nfr;t \ lkz \ edtkbxtybz
\-
\+
\+
yflt;yjcnb ckt;tybz bcgjkmpetncz ,jktt \ uhe,fz \ cbcntvf
\-
\+
\+
XFGX^ rjnjhfz \ bvttn \ ibhjre. \ gjkjce \ dnzubdfybz^ \ yj
\-
\+
\+
jnckt;bdftn cbuyfk c ytrjnjhjq jib,rjq gj xfcnjnt&\,
\-
\+
\+
Tckb \ vfrcbvfkmyfz \ jib,rf \ cbcntvs \ XFGX \ vtymit
\-
\+
\+
gjkjcs elth;fybz AFGX^ nj gjckt njuj^ rfr jyf ddtltn
\-
\+
\+
cbcntve d ht;bv cby[hjybpfwbb^ xfcnjnye. fdnjgjlcnhjqre
\-
\+
\+
vj;yj \ jnrk.xbnm& \ Ghb \ ds[jlt \ xfcnjns \ \ bp \ \ j,kfcnb
\-
\+
\+
elth;fybz cyjdf drk.xftncz XFGX&\,
\-
\+
\+
Ghbvth aeyrwbjyfkmyjq c[tvs AFGX \ - \ XFGX \ gjrfpfy
\-
\+
\+
yf hbc& \33\#&\,
\-\/
\+
\+
D 'njq \ c[tvt \ cbcntvs \ AFGX \ b \ XFGX \ drk.xtys
\-
\+
\+
gfhfkktkmyj& Eghfdkz.ott yfghz;tybt gjcnegftn c \ ds[jlf
\-
\+
\+
cevvfnjhf^ yf rjnjhsq xthtp abkmnhs gjlfys \ yfghz;tybz
\-
\+
\+
c afpjdjuj b xfcnjnyjuj ltntrnjhjd&\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+\*[----------------------------------------------------------]
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+
\+ p
\+ p\3U\!gj
\+ \*<
\+ u-----o u-----o
\+ p p \3U\!al \*p p
\+ u-L-o \#A L \*u--L---o \#A\!1 \*p
\+ p
\+ p m-----. m--i--.
\+ p p
\+ p <
\+ p p
\+ u-----o u-----o p u-----o
\+ \3U\!c \*p p p p p p \0s \*p
\+ [---Lo \#C V \*u--L--o \#EGX \*u--o p u----o
\+ p \0t \*p
\+ m--i--. m-----. p m--i--. p
\+ p p p p
\+ p p I p
\+ p p p p
\+ p p u-----o u-----o p
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ p\ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \3U\!xl\ \*p\ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ \ p\,
\- I\3U\!u \*[-L-o \#X L \*u--L---o \#A\!2 \*p p
\- p p
\- p m-----. m-----. p
\- p p
\- p p
\- p p
\- p p
\- u-----o u-----o u-----o p
\- p p p p \3U\!h \*p p p
\- p \#U \*u--J--o \#E E \*u--J---o \#E C \*u--------J--------]
\-
\- m-----. m-----. m-----.
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-
\-[----------------------------------------------------------]
\-
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#Hbc& \33\#& Aeyrwbjyfkmyfz c[tvf AFGX - XFGX&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-\/
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \"K B N T H F N E H F\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\2[1]\"& \#Cghfdjxybr gj ext,yjve ghjtrnbhjdfyb. \,
\-
\+
\+
ghbtvyj - ecbkbntkmys[ ecnhjqcnd& 2t bpl&\,
\-
\+
\+
gjl htl& V& R&
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\2[2]\"& \#Fdnjvfnbxtcrfz htuekbhjdrf ecbktybz b\,
\-
\+
\+
fdnjvfnbxtcrfz gjlcnhjqrf xfcnjns utnthj-\,
\-
\+
\+
lbyf& Ext,yjt gjcj,bt gj rehce \3"\#ecbkb-\,
\-
\+
\+
ntkmyst b ghbtvyst ecnhjqcndf\3"\#& VFB^ 1977\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-\/
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \"C J L T H : F Y B T\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\21\"& \$J,obt cdtltybz j, FGX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\21\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
2\$& Cbcntvf afpjdjq fdnjgjlcnhjqrb xfcnjns&&\22\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
2\$&\21\$& Cnhernehyfz c[tvf b ghbywbg \,
\-
\+
\+
ltqcndbz AFGX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\22\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
2\$&\22\$& Gjkjcf elth;fybz b gjkjcf dnz-\,
\-
\+
\+
ubdfybz cbcntvs AFGX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\27\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
2\$&\23\$& Ecnjqxbdjcnm cbcntvs AFGX&&&&&&&&&&\28\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
3\$& Rjv,bybhjdfyyfz cbcntvf AFGX - XFGX&&&&&&\29\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\$Kbnthfnehf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\211\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-\/
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\+
\+
\,
\-
\=
_