ABBREVIATIONS

A.D. (anno Domini): in the year of our Lord

ad inf. or ad infin. (ad infinitum): to infinity (i.e., forever)

ad us. (ad usum): according to usage

æt. or ætat. (жtatis; anno жtatis suж): of the age; in his/her lifetime

a.h.l. (ad hunc locum): at this place

a.h.v. (ad hanc vocem): at this word

A.U.C. (anno urbis conditж): in the year (or from the time) of the founded

city (Rome, founded about 753 BCE)

BCE: before the Common Era (i.e., B.C.)

b.v. (bene vale): farewell

c. or ca. (circa): about

c. or circ. (circiter): about

c. or circ. (circum): about

CE: in the Common Era (i.e., A.D.)

cf. (confer): compare

e.g. or ex. gr. (exempli gratia): for example

et al. (et alibi): and elsewhere

et al. (et alii or et aliж): and others

etc. (et cetera): and so forth

et seq. (et sequens): and the following

et seq. (et sequentes): and what follows

ex. gr. or e.g. (exempli gratia): for example

f. or fem. (femininum): feminine

fig.: figurative

fl. or flor. (floruit): flourished

ib. or ibid. (ibidem): in the same place (in a book)

id. (idem): the same as above

i.e. (id est): that is

ign. (ignotus): unknown

inf. (infra): below

i.q. (idem quod): the same as

l.c. (loco citato): in the place cited

loc. cit. (loco citato): in the place cited

m. or masc. (masculinum): masculine

m.m. (mutatis mutandis): with the necessary changing being made

MS (manuscriptus): manuscript

MSS (manuscripta): manuscripts

n. (natus): born

N.B. or n.b. (nota bene): note well

non obs. (non obstante): notwithstanding

non seq. (non sequitur): it does not follow

o.c. (opere citato): in the work cited

op. cit. (opere citato): in the work cited

pass. (passim): throughout

pct. (per centum): by the hundred

per cent. or p.c. (per centum): by the hundred

pl. (pluralis): plural

PPS (post postscriptum): an additional postscript

PS (postscriptum): a postscript

ptc. (participium): a participle

q.e. (quod est): which is

qq.v. (quж vide): (pl.) which see

q.v. (quod vide): (sing.) which see

sc. (scilicet): that is to say, namely

sec. (secundum): according to

seq. (sequens): (sing.) the following

seq. (sequitur): it follows

seqq. (sequentia): (pl.) the following (things)

sg. or sing. (singularis): singular

sup. (supra): above

t. or temp. (tempore): in the time of

u.s. (ubi supra): where (mentioned) above

ut inf. or ut i. (ut infra): as stated or shown below

ut sup. or u.s. (ut supra): as stated or shown above

v. or vs. (versus): against

v. (vide): see

v.i. (vide infra): see below

viz. (videlicet): namely

v.s. (vide supra): see above

V.V. or v.v. (vice versa): conversely

A.D. (anno Domini): in the year of our Lord

ad inf. or ad infin. (ad infinitum): to infinity (i.e., forever)

ad us. (ad usum): according to usage

æt. or ætat. (жtatis; anno жtatis suж): of the age; in his/her lifetime

a.h.l. (ad hunc locum): at this place

a.h.v. (ad hanc vocem): at this word

A.U.C. (anno urbis conditж): in the year (or from the time) of the founded

city (Rome, founded about 753 BCE)

BCE: before the Common Era (i.e., B.C.)

b.v. (bene vale): farewell

c. or ca. (circa): about

c. or circ. (circiter): about

c. or circ. (circum): about

CE: in the Common Era (i.e., A.D.)

cf. (confer): compare

e.g. or ex. gr. (exempli gratia): for example

et al. (et alibi): and elsewhere

et al. (et alii or et aliж): and others

etc. (et cetera): and so forth

et seq. (et sequens): and the following

et seq. (et sequentes): and what follows

ex. gr. or e.g. (exempli gratia): for example

f. or fem. (femininum): feminine

fig.: figurative

fl. or flor. (floruit): flourished

ib. or ibid. (ibidem): in the same place (in a book)

id. (idem): the same as above

i.e. (id est): that is

ign. (ignotus): unknown

inf. (infra): below

i.q. (idem quod): the same as

l.c. (loco citato): in the place cited

loc. cit. (loco citato): in the place cited

m. or masc. (masculinum): masculine

m.m. (mutatis mutandis): with the necessary changing being made

MS (manuscriptus): manuscript

MSS (manuscripta): manuscripts

n. (natus): born

N.B. or n.b. (nota bene): note well

non obs. (non obstante): notwithstanding

non seq. (non sequitur): it does not follow

o.c. (opere citato): in the work cited

op. cit. (opere citato): in the work cited

pass. (passim): throughout

pct. (per centum): by the hundred

per cent. or p.c. (per centum): by the hundred

pl. (pluralis): plural

PPS (post postscriptum): an additional postscript

PS (postscriptum): a postscript

ptc. (participium): a participle

q.e. (quod est): which is

qq.v. (quж vide): (pl.) which see

q.v. (quod vide): (sing.) which see

sc. (scilicet): that is to say, namely

sec. (secundum): according to

seq. (sequens): (sing.) the following

seq. (sequitur): it follows

seqq. (sequentia): (pl.) the following (things)

sg. or sing. (singularis): singular

sup. (supra): above

t. or temp. (tempore): in the time of

u.s. (ubi supra): where (mentioned) above

ut inf. or ut i. (ut infra): as stated or shown below

ut sup. or u.s. (ut supra): as stated or shown above

v. or vs. (versus): against

v. (vide): see

v.i. (vide infra): see below

viz. (videlicet): namely

v.s. (vide supra): see above

V.V. or v.v. (vice versa): conversely