СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. См.: The Dynamics of Breakthrough in Eastern Europe” (ch.2) California Univ. Press 1992; а тажке Staniszkis „Political capitalism in Poland” (in Eastern Politics and Society, January 1991); и Post-comunism: The Emerging Enigma” W-w, 2000, ISP PAN.

[1] По данным профессора Я. Wasilewski, as much as 70% of the Polish economic elite in 1998 had occupied managerial positions during the communist period. (“Political Elite 1998”) ISP PAN 1999

[1] СМ.: „The Public Finance Act” that is obligatory in Poland from Jan. 1. 1999. А также E. Malinowska, W. Misiąg, A. Niedzielski, J. Pancewicz “Zakres sektora publicznego w Polsce” (Scope of Public Sector in Poland), Warsaw, Institut of Market Research, 1999; commentary by Z. Gilowska  “Ustawa o Finansach Publicznych”  (The Public Finance Act) Raport nr 17/1999, ed. Association of the Polich Economist. The newest data on the misfuntioning of public sector in Poland in: W. Misiąg, A. Niedzielski “A transparency of the Polish public sector from point of view of IMF standards”, Raport nr 29/2001 based on research financed by the Marshall Fund, Warsaw, Institue of Market Research.

[1] concept introduced in Staniszkis („Post communism: the Emerging...” op.cit.)

[1] According to J. Stiglitz opinion, formulated when he served as the head economist at the World Bank, the minimum institutional conditions for the successful commercialization of public funds are a low interest rates and control of banks by national capital (see interview in “Transition”, Bulletin of BS, June 1998).

[1] see M. W.Zdyb „The  Polish Economic Growth” in: Annual Report “The Polish Economy 2000” (ed. Gazeta Finansowa, Warsaw 2001) p.13

[1] The total foreign debt of the Polish Government and of the enterprises at the end of 1999 mounted to 65 bln. USD. Zdyb, op. cit. p.13

[1] Это мнение проф. K. Poznański of the Jackson School of International Studies, Univ. of Washington State. He evaluates that 16,5 bln. USD obtained from selling to foreign investors state property between 1990-1999 covered no more than one fifth of value of those assets (“Wielki przekręt” – Warsaw 2000)

[1] O. Bagniewski’s в: “Euromoney – Euroinvest” (April 2001).

[1] In Poland only 0,5% of all roads have status of the highway (in Germany – 36%) and only 1% meets technical standards of EU

[1] the number of the private cars in Poland grew from 5261 thousand in 1990 to 9400 thousand in 1999

[1] СМ., напр: дискуссию about the Agency for the Development of Industry, one of the leading subject of commercialized state in Poland, in - Rzeczpospolita Sept. 21, 1998. The position of the government was that the only way to recover control over that agency that operates on a base of public money gradually transfered into the market place and privatized, is to supplement the State’s share of capital and obttain a majority in terms of voting capital.

[1] Данные проф. M. Pietrewicz, Deputy Chief of the Parliamentary Commission of Public Finances, see “Annual Report” op. cit. p. 22

[1] Решение правительства Т.Мазовецкого (Maрт 1990), подтвержденное заявлением министра финансов Бальцеровича (ноябряь 1990)

[1] Gazeta Finansowa, July 16-20, 2001, p.14

[1] Министр финансов Бауч в: Rzeczpospolita, August 11-12, 2001

[1] Статданные из: B. Cichomski „Inequality of incomes and wages in Poland in 1990s” in: Social Justice, eds B. Cichomski, W. Kozek, P. Morawski, W. Morawski Warsaw 2001

[1] the World Bank’s position (supported by the threat to stop payments from the Restructuring Fund) was both against consolidation of banks before privatization (that would buy time for the domestic capital) and for the policy of a “strategic investor” giving preferences for the foreign buyers.

[1] См.: мой анализ в “Post-communism...” op. cit.

[1] ibidem

[1] СМ: Bringing the State Back in, eds P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, T. Skocpol, Cambridge Univ. Press 1985, главы Evans and Stepan.

[1] The analysis of the „politics of history” in Hungary in M. Schmidt’s chapter in: “The Janus face of the Hungarian transformation” eds M. Schmidt, L. Gy.Tóth. Kairosz, Budapest 2001. Введение C. Bielicki’s к польскому изданию (Warsaw, Pax, 2001) отмечает этот феномен в Польше.

1. См.: The Dynamics of Breakthrough in Eastern Europe” (ch.2) California Univ. Press 1992; а тажке Staniszkis „Political capitalism in Poland” (in Eastern Politics and Society, January 1991); и Post-comunism: The Emerging Enigma” W-w, 2000, ISP PAN.

[1] По данным профессора Я. Wasilewski, as much as 70% of the Polish economic elite in 1998 had occupied managerial positions during the communist period. (“Political Elite 1998”) ISP PAN 1999

[1] СМ.: „The Public Finance Act” that is obligatory in Poland from Jan. 1. 1999. А также E. Malinowska, W. Misiąg, A. Niedzielski, J. Pancewicz “Zakres sektora publicznego w Polsce” (Scope of Public Sector in Poland), Warsaw, Institut of Market Research, 1999; commentary by Z. Gilowska  “Ustawa o Finansach Publicznych”  (The Public Finance Act) Raport nr 17/1999, ed. Association of the Polich Economist. The newest data on the misfuntioning of public sector in Poland in: W. Misiąg, A. Niedzielski “A transparency of the Polish public sector from point of view of IMF standards”, Raport nr 29/2001 based on research financed by the Marshall Fund, Warsaw, Institue of Market Research.

[1] concept introduced in Staniszkis („Post communism: the Emerging...” op.cit.)

[1] According to J. Stiglitz opinion, formulated when he served as the head economist at the World Bank, the minimum institutional conditions for the successful commercialization of public funds are a low interest rates and control of banks by national capital (see interview in “Transition”, Bulletin of BS, June 1998).

[1] see M. W.Zdyb „The  Polish Economic Growth” in: Annual Report “The Polish Economy 2000” (ed. Gazeta Finansowa, Warsaw 2001) p.13

[1] The total foreign debt of the Polish Government and of the enterprises at the end of 1999 mounted to 65 bln. USD. Zdyb, op. cit. p.13

[1] Это мнение проф. K. Poznański of the Jackson School of International Studies, Univ. of Washington State. He evaluates that 16,5 bln. USD obtained from selling to foreign investors state property between 1990-1999 covered no more than one fifth of value of those assets (“Wielki przekręt” – Warsaw 2000)

[1] O. Bagniewski’s в: “Euromoney – Euroinvest” (April 2001).

[1] In Poland only 0,5% of all roads have status of the highway (in Germany – 36%) and only 1% meets technical standards of EU

[1] the number of the private cars in Poland grew from 5261 thousand in 1990 to 9400 thousand in 1999

[1] СМ., напр: дискуссию about the Agency for the Development of Industry, one of the leading subject of commercialized state in Poland, in - Rzeczpospolita Sept. 21, 1998. The position of the government was that the only way to recover control over that agency that operates on a base of public money gradually transfered into the market place and privatized, is to supplement the State’s share of capital and obttain a majority in terms of voting capital.

[1] Данные проф. M. Pietrewicz, Deputy Chief of the Parliamentary Commission of Public Finances, see “Annual Report” op. cit. p. 22

[1] Решение правительства Т.Мазовецкого (Maрт 1990), подтвержденное заявлением министра финансов Бальцеровича (ноябряь 1990)

[1] Gazeta Finansowa, July 16-20, 2001, p.14

[1] Министр финансов Бауч в: Rzeczpospolita, August 11-12, 2001

[1] Статданные из: B. Cichomski „Inequality of incomes and wages in Poland in 1990s” in: Social Justice, eds B. Cichomski, W. Kozek, P. Morawski, W. Morawski Warsaw 2001

[1] the World Bank’s position (supported by the threat to stop payments from the Restructuring Fund) was both against consolidation of banks before privatization (that would buy time for the domestic capital) and for the policy of a “strategic investor” giving preferences for the foreign buyers.

[1] См.: мой анализ в “Post-communism...” op. cit.

[1] ibidem

[1] СМ: Bringing the State Back in, eds P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, T. Skocpol, Cambridge Univ. Press 1985, главы Evans and Stepan.

[1] The analysis of the „politics of history” in Hungary in M. Schmidt’s chapter in: “The Janus face of the Hungarian transformation” eds M. Schmidt, L. Gy.Tóth. Kairosz, Budapest 2001. Введение C. Bielicki’s к польскому изданию (Warsaw, Pax, 2001) отмечает этот феномен в Польше.