ii4 THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

organs are respectively named as above, because they sever-

ally minister to vital actions termed "bodily motion,"

"alimentation," "circulation," "respiration," "generation,"

and " sensation " (or " feeling '') respectively.

The functions of alimentation, circulation, respiration, and

generation also take place in plants and are indispensable

for organic life. Thus they may be said to exist and

prepare the way for development of the higher animal

functions of locomotion and sensation. It is with the

last-named function and the organs which serve it the

nervous system, including its annexed organs of special

sense that we alone have here to do. Nevertheless, it

should be noted that in order to act properly the organs

of the nervous system require an adequate supply of blood

from the circulating system, which blood must be sufficiently

refreshed through the respiratory system and purified by

organs of " secretion," while it must also be adequately

supplied with sufficient and appropriate nutritious matter

by the alimentary system. Through an inadequate supply

of blood, or through blood insufficiently nourished, purified,

or refreshed, the actions of the nervous system become

perverted or paralyzed till death ensues

The entire nervous system is divisible into two main parts :

a central and a peripheral portion. The central part consists

of the brain and spinal cord, which are directly continuous.

Its peripheral part is made of all the nerves of the body.

The spinal cord (enclosed within the backbone) is divisible

into two lateral halves, and nerves, called spinal nerves, are

connected with it symmetrically in pairs (one right and one

left), one nerve to each of its lateral halves. Each spinal

nerve is connected with the spinal cord by two roots, one

anterior in position and the other posterior, and each root

is made up of a number of small bundles of nerve fibres.

The fibres connected with the hinder and the anterior

organs are respectively named as above, because they sever-

ally minister to vital actions termed "bodily motion,"

"alimentation," "circulation," "respiration," "generation,"

and " sensation " (or " feeling '') respectively.

The functions of alimentation, circulation, respiration, and

generation also take place in plants and are indispensable

for organic life. Thus they may be said to exist and

prepare the way for development of the higher animal

functions of locomotion and sensation. It is with the

last-named function and the organs which serve it the

nervous system, including its annexed organs of special

sense that we alone have here to do. Nevertheless, it

should be noted that in order to act properly the organs

of the nervous system require an adequate supply of blood

from the circulating system, which blood must be sufficiently

refreshed through the respiratory system and purified by

organs of " secretion," while it must also be adequately

supplied with sufficient and appropriate nutritious matter

by the alimentary system. Through an inadequate supply

of blood, or through blood insufficiently nourished, purified,

or refreshed, the actions of the nervous system become

perverted or paralyzed till death ensues

The entire nervous system is divisible into two main parts :

a central and a peripheral portion. The central part consists

of the brain and spinal cord, which are directly continuous.

Its peripheral part is made of all the nerves of the body.

The spinal cord (enclosed within the backbone) is divisible

into two lateral halves, and nerves, called spinal nerves, are

connected with it symmetrically in pairs (one right and one

left), one nerve to each of its lateral halves. Each spinal

nerve is connected with the spinal cord by two roots, one

anterior in position and the other posterior, and each root

is made up of a number of small bundles of nerve fibres.

The fibres connected with the hinder and the anterior