INDEX

Absolute existence, 232.

Abstract- ideas, 7.

Absurdity of a given starting point.

280.

Absurdity of scepticism, 221.

Act of sight, 10.

All knowledge wonderful, 56, 247.

Analogy of human and other reason, 322.

Analysis of a sentence, 189.

Anatomy, 24.

Animal intelligence, 158 163.

Animal kingdom, in.

Animal stupidity, 171.

Animals, Groups of, 112.

Animals' latent logic, 321.

Animals possibly intellectual latently,

156, 276, 316.

Anthropology, 32.

Ants, 192.

Appearance and reality, 76.

Application of ethics may vary, 168.

Arguments as to external world, 48-53.

Associated feelings, 147.

Associated feelings may cause un-

certainty, 247.

Assumptions of science, 106, 107.

Astronomy, 24.

Atomic theory, 308.

Atoms, 306.

Attention impairs automatic action, 147.

Attractions of idealism, 44.

Automatic actions, 146, 153.

Axioms, 105, 248.

Balfour, Mr. Arthur, 84.

Being, 23.

Belt, Mr., and ants, 192.

Berkeley, 39.

Bifold unity of man, 319.

Bilateral symmetry, 287.

Blind disbelief fatal, 98.

Bodies consist of matter and energy, 304.

Bodily injuries, Effects of, 70.

Botany, 24.

Bradley, Dr. F. H., 76, 78, 79, 81.

Breaches of continuity in the cosmos,

215, 216, 288, 289, 296.

Bridge between subject and object, 239.

Carpenter and instinct, 186.

Causal principle of universe rational, 295.

Causation, 105, 258, 264, 291.

Causation and uniformity of nature, 264.

Causation and the universe, 291.

Causation may be felt, 262.

Causation, Principle of, 105.

Cause, A, demanded for new or de-

pendent being, 258, 260.

Cause and force, 260.

Cause of universe judged by its effects,

294.

Causes of scientific knowledge, 257.

Certainties, 242-256.

Certainty grounded in self-evidence, 57,

223.

Certainty of existing feelings, 219.

Certainty of our existence, 101.

326

THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

Certainty of some knowledge, 317.

Chasms in nature, 288, 289.

Chimpanzee named Sally, 177.

Cicero and ethic, 170.

Classification of sciences, 16, 17.

Clifford, Professor, 249.

Cognition direct and reflex, 231.

Cognition : its elements, 9.

Condillac and instinct, 182.

Confidence in reason warranted, 320.

Consentience, 149.

Colour, Idea of, 10, 66.

Conscience, 163.

Consciousness, 139, 229.

Consciousness of self, 319.

Consciousness : its trustworthiness, 220.

Corporeal substance and extension, 77,

79-

Cosmology, 23.

Cosmos has latent intelligence, 296, 297.

Cosmos pervaded by intelligence, 323.

Counting crow, 176.

Credulity of sensists, 74.

Criterion of truth, The ultimate, 13,

14, 224, 225, 227.

Crystals, 284, 320.

Cube, Revolving, 60.

Cuvier, 51.

Darwin and instinct, 183.

Deaf-mutes, 198-202.

Definiteness of all that exists, 280.

Delusion as to motion, 307.

Delusions, tactual and optical, 71.

Democritus, 307.

Dependent being needs a cause, 260.

Difference between ideas and feelings,

II, 12, 66, 80.

Dionsea and intelligence, l6f.

Direct and reflex cognition, 231.

Direct consciousness, 140.

Discontinuity in the world, 288.

Distinction of kind, 215.

Effects of bodily injuries, 70.

Ego, Empirical, 234.

Ego, Pure, 234.

Elements of cognition, 9.

Emotional language, 172.

Emotional signs, 152.

Emperor moth, 130.

Empirical laws and judgments, 8, 94.

Energy, 300.

Enumeration of the sciences, 16.

Epistemology, 2.

Epistemology and levelling down, 278.

Epistemology, derivation, vii.

Error and incomplete knowledge, 73.

Esse and percipi, 35, 75.

Eternal causal principle, 293.

Ethic and results, 166, 167.

Ethics, 25, 32.

Ethnology, 32.

Everything which exists is definite, 280.

Excluded middle, 244.

Existence implies state of existence, 233.

Extension, Idea of, 67.

Extension, Our intuition of, 47.

External world : its nature, 47.

External world, Self-evidence of, 47,

226.

Faculties, not ideas, innate, 313.

Fallacy as to memory, 238.

Fallacy of Clifford and Hehnholtz, 249.

Feeling and reflection, 12.

Feelings and ideas, Differences be-

tween, n, 12, 66, 80.

Feelings, Associations of, 147.

Feelings, present ones, certain, 219.

Feelings underlying perceptions, 150-

152.

Fichte, 40 41, 83.

Field of scientific labour, 311.

First principles not gained through

natural selection, 274.

INDEX

327

Forbes, Mr., 194.

Force and cause, 260.

Force or power a primary idea, 261.

Force, Idea of, 68.

Forms of thought, 248.

Fortunate character of Darwin's con-

ception, 271.

Functions of man's body, 117-128.

Fundamental assumptions of science,

1 06.

Geology, 24.

Gesture language, 197-203.

Goodness a distinct idea, 164, 169.

Groundwork of science : its nature, 298.

Groundwork, Ultimate, of science, 323.

Habit, 126.

Haeckel, Professor, 306.

Hartmann, 41.

Hegel, 41.

Hegel and the swimmer, 256.

Helmholtz, 249.

Herbert Spencer, 262, 279, 280.

Hexicology. 31.

Higher and lower mental powers, 145.

History, 32.

Hoste, Sir William, 195.

How is knowledge possible ? 57, 76.

How was knowledge obtained ? 266.

Human and cosmic reason analogous,

322.

Hume, 41, 83.

Hume and causation, 258.

Hume, Followers of, 229.

Hypothetical truths not known through

natural selection, 274.

I am, Significance of, 241.

Idea of cause, 260.

Idea of colour, 10, 66.

Idea of extension, 67.

Idea of force, 68.

Idea of nonentity, II.

Idea of power or force, 261.

Idealism, 35-39, 4l~44-

Idealism, its attractions, 44.

Ideas, Abstract, 7.

Ideas and feelings, Differences between,

n, 12, 66, 80.

Ideas of animals, 160.

Implicit truth made explicit by infer-

ence, 252.

Impressions and sense impresses, 240.

Incomplete knowledge not error, 73.

Indefinite, The, an impossible source

of things, 279.

Inference and perception, 62, 63.

Inference makes implicit truth explicit,

252.

Infinitude of knowledge, 317.

Initiation of knowledge, 4.

Inorganic world and innate law, 283-

286.

Instinct in animals, 128-132, 182-186.

Instinct in man, 127.

Instinct, its essence, 132, 134,

Instinct, reflex action of a whole or-

ganism, 185.

Intellect possibly latent in animals, 156,

276, 316.

Intellectual antecedents of science, 217.

Intellectual intuition, 14, 104.

Intellectual language, 189.

Intelligence latent in the cosmos, 297.

Intelligence pervades cosmos, 323.

Intention at the basis of ethics, 167.

Intuition, 14, 104.

Intuition of extension, 47.

Ireland, Dr. W., 211.

Iridescence, 70.

Is, Significance of the word, 209.

Johnson, Captain, 194.

Johnson, Dr., 81.

THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

John Stuart Mill and ethic, 167.

John Stuart Mill and truth, 99.

Joint method of agreement and differ-

ence, 94, 96.

Kalmuck and Persian ladies, 286.

Kant, 41.

Kind, Distinctions of, 215.

Knowledge all wonderful, 56, 247.

Knowledge, how obtained, 266.

Knowledge, its certainty, 317.

Knowledge, its initiation, 4.

Knowledge not due to natural selection,

268.

Knowledge not due to association, 267.

Knowledge not innate, 267.

Knowledge of our feelings reflex, 230,

231, 232.

Knowledge not due to revelation, 268.

Knowledge practically infinite, 317.

Lamarck and instinct, 182.

Language and science, 1 88.

Language, Intellectual, 189.

Language of gesture, 197, 203.

Language of savages, 207, 208.

Language, Unintellectual, 188.

Lapsed intelligence, 182.

Larden, Mr., and ants, 193.

Latent ideas, &c., 97.

Latent intelligence possible in animals,

156, 176, 316.

Latent logic in animals, 321.

Laura Bridgman, 20 1.

Legitimacy of certainty, 97.

Levelling down and epistemology, 278.

Leverrier, 51.

Literature, politics, and instinct, 185.

Lloyd Morgan, 157, 162.

Locke, 41.

Logic, 21, 32.

Lord's Prayer in gesture, 201.

Mallery, Colonel, 197, 201.

Man's body, Functions of, 117-128.

Man's body, Structure of, 113-117.

Man's duplex unity, 319.

Man's zoological position, 112.

Martha Obrecht, 201, 202.

Material and repair, 135.

Mathematics, 18, 20, 26.

Matter, 304.

Matter, The, of science, 310. -

Means and objects of perception, 41,

61.

Memory, 100, 147.

Memory : its validity, 235.

Memory reveals the objective, 239.

Mental onesidedness, 318.

Mental powers, Two orders of, 144.

Metaphor, 205, 206.

Metaphysics, 22, 23, 33, 88.

Method of agreement, 94, 96.

Method of concomitant variations, 95.

Method of difference, 94.

Method of residues, 95.

Methods of science, 89.

Mind can know truths, 75-

Molecular motion, 305.

Monism, 84.

Monism: the truths latent in it, 305.

Monkeys, 194-196.

Monosyllabic utterances, 204.

Montaigne and instinct, 182.

More than phenomena knowable, 240.

Most certain truths of science, 319.

Motion, 300, 301.

Motion a constant experience, 307.

Motion, Perception of, 72.

Natural selection almost incapable of

disproof, 271.

Natural selection and evolution of in-

tellect, 276.

Natural selection and instinct, 185.

INDEX

3 2 9

Natural selection and realism, 46.

Natural selection and the universe, 292.

Natural selection could never have

shown us hypothetical truths, 274.

Natural selection didnot reveal necessary

truths, 274.

Nature of the external world, 47, 56.

Nature of the groundwork of science.

298.

Nature's ultimate teaching, 321.

Neptune, 51, 52.

New existence demands a cause, 258.

Newman, Cardinal, 318.

Nihilum, 23.

Not everything must have a cause, 257.

Nothing, Idea of, 1 1 .

No waste in nature, 321.

Number, 18, 19, 178.

Objective and subjective worlds, 238.

Objective relations, 55.

Objections against realism, 64.

Objective truths perceived, 248.

Objects and means of perception, 41,61.

Objects of science, 34.

Omniscience and human knowledge,

281.

Ontogeny, 31.

Organic inference, 162.

Origin from the indefinite absurd, 279.

Owen, Sir Richard, 52.

Pasteur, M. 228.

Perceptions, 3, 41, 63, 244.

Perception of existence, 244.

Phantasmata, 9.

Phylogeny, 31.

Physical antecedents of science, 109.

Physical sciences, 24-32.

Physiology, 24, 25.

Pigs and prayers, 175.

Plants do not feel, 289.

Politics, 32.

Possibilities as to the nature of the

universe, 314-316.

Possible latency of intellect in animals,

156, 276, 316.

Present feelings certain, 219.

Primary and secondary qualities, ^65,

69, 73-

Principle of causation, 105.

Principle of contradiction, 105, 244,

245-

Principle of the universe, 293, 294.

, Process of reasoning, 102, 254, 255.

Processes of repair, 126.

Prodigal son in gesture, 200.

Proof impossible for ultimate certainties,

223.

Psychical antecedents of science, 139.

Psychical powers of animals, 158-163.

Psychology, 22, 24, 32.

Qualities of material objects, 60.

Qualities, Primary and secondary, 65,

69, 73-

Realism, Objections against, 64.

Reality, possible and actual, 23.

Reasoning must end somewhere, 103,

222.

Reasoning not a very high faculty, 102,

254.

Reason not invalidated by its possible

origin, 156.

Reason to be confided in, 320.

Recollection and reminiscence, 236.

Reflection, 230, 231.

Reflection and feeling, 12.

' Reflex action, 122.

Reflex consciousness, 140.

Relations, 91, 143.

Relations apprehended, 12.

Relations, objective ones, 55.

Relativity of knowledge, 281, 282.

33

THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

Religion, 32.

Religions, 25.

Reminiscence and recollection, 236.

Remorse, 163.

Results, no ethical test, 166.

Reverie, 149.

Revolving cube, 60.

Romanes, 170, 175, 192, 194, 195, 196,

*98, 199, 204, 208.

Rontgen rays, 43

Root of thought and language, 213.

Roots of language, 212.

Sally the Chimpanzee, 177.

Savages' language, 207, 208.

Sayce, Professor, 207.

Schelling, 41.

Schelling and instinct, 320.

Scepticism, Absurdity of, 221.

Science and language, 188.

Science, Assumptions of, 106, 107.

Science has advanced, 97.

Science, Intellectual antecedents of, 2 1 7.

Science is measurement, 90.

Science, its objects, 34.

Science, its physical antecedents, 109.

Science, its ultimate groundwork, 323.

Science, Methods of, 89.

Science, what it is ? 3.

Sciences, Enumeration of, 6.

Science, Psychical antecedents of, 139.

Science's most certain truth, 319.

Sciences, Physical, 24-32.

Scientific knowledge, Causes of, 257.

Scientific observation, 93.

Self-evidence, 103, 104.

Self-evidence, ground of certainty, 57,

223.

Self-evidence of external world, 47, 226.

Self-existence known, 319.

Sensitivity and organic world, 214.

Sensori-motor action, 124, 132.

Sense perceptions of animals, 158.

Sensuous universals, 59.

Sentence, Analysis of one, 189.

Serial symmetry, 287.

Shamming death, 184.

Sign, what it is, 152.

Significance of " I am," 241.

Sitaris beetle, 131.

Sleep-walking, 154.

Social approbation and ethics, 165.

Sociology of intelligences, 25.

Solipsism, 40, 82, 83.

Sounds, rational and articulate, 191.

Sounds, rational but not articulate, 190.

Source of primary principles of intelli-

gence, 295.

Space, 309.

Speech, 191, 213.

Speech and reason, 213.

Spencer and causation, 262.

Spencer's great law, 279.

Sphex wasp, 129.

Spinoza, 41.

Stimuli, 1 1 8.

Structure of man's body, 113.

Stupidity of animals, 171, 176, 180.

Subject and object, 238.

Subject and object identified, 234, 240.

Symbols, 91, 92, 93.

Symmetry, bilateral and serial, 287.

That follows how, 244.

" That," " what,"and " why," 4, 77, 87.

Theology, 25.

Therefore : its meaning, 254.

Thing in itself, 227.

Thought curiously undervalued, 255.

Thought our only means of certainty,

255-

Thoughts, 7.

Three categories of indispensable truths,

228.

INDEX

33 1

Time, 309.

Tools of science, 311-313.

Transitions and time, 214, 215.

Transition from unconscious to voluntary

actions, 137, 320.

Trustworthiness of consciousness, 220.

Trustworthiness of memory, 235.

Truth and the world, IOI.

Truth can be known, 75.

Truths, indispensable, Three categories

of, 223.

Truth : what it is, 99.

Truth, Ultimate criterion of, 13, 14,

224, 225, 227.

Two forms of memory, 236.

Two orders of mental powers, 144.

Tylor, Mr., 206.

Ultimate certainties need no proof, 223.

Ultimate criterion of truth, 13, 14, 224,

225, 227.

Ultimate groundwork of science, 323.

Ultimate teaching of nature, 321.

Uniformity of nature, 263.

Unimaginable not impossible, 85.

Unintellectual language, 188.

Unity of man's nature, Bifold, 319.

Universals, 6, 59, 61.

Universe and causation, 291.

Universe as a whole, 291.

Universe : is it infinite ? 305.

Universe : the possibilities as to its

nature, 314-316.

Universe not due to natural selection,

292.

Unreason not cause of universe, 294.

Uranus, 51, 52.

Validity of inference, 102.

Validity of memory, 235.

! Verbum, mentale, oris, corporis, 191,

211.

Vibrations, 69.

Vocal language proper, 191.

| Waste in nature non-existent, 321.

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Absolute existence, 232.

Abstract- ideas, 7.

Absurdity of a given starting point.

280.

Absurdity of scepticism, 221.

Act of sight, 10.

All knowledge wonderful, 56, 247.

Analogy of human and other reason, 322.

Analysis of a sentence, 189.

Anatomy, 24.

Animal intelligence, 158 163.

Animal kingdom, in.

Animal stupidity, 171.

Animals, Groups of, 112.

Animals' latent logic, 321.

Animals possibly intellectual latently,

156, 276, 316.

Anthropology, 32.

Ants, 192.

Appearance and reality, 76.

Application of ethics may vary, 168.

Arguments as to external world, 48-53.

Associated feelings, 147.

Associated feelings may cause un-

certainty, 247.

Assumptions of science, 106, 107.

Astronomy, 24.

Atomic theory, 308.

Atoms, 306.

Attention impairs automatic action, 147.

Attractions of idealism, 44.

Automatic actions, 146, 153.

Axioms, 105, 248.

Balfour, Mr. Arthur, 84.

Being, 23.

Belt, Mr., and ants, 192.

Berkeley, 39.

Bifold unity of man, 319.

Bilateral symmetry, 287.

Blind disbelief fatal, 98.

Bodies consist of matter and energy, 304.

Bodily injuries, Effects of, 70.

Botany, 24.

Bradley, Dr. F. H., 76, 78, 79, 81.

Breaches of continuity in the cosmos,

215, 216, 288, 289, 296.

Bridge between subject and object, 239.

Carpenter and instinct, 186.

Causal principle of universe rational, 295.

Causation, 105, 258, 264, 291.

Causation and uniformity of nature, 264.

Causation and the universe, 291.

Causation may be felt, 262.

Causation, Principle of, 105.

Cause, A, demanded for new or de-

pendent being, 258, 260.

Cause and force, 260.

Cause of universe judged by its effects,

294.

Causes of scientific knowledge, 257.

Certainties, 242-256.

Certainty grounded in self-evidence, 57,

223.

Certainty of existing feelings, 219.

Certainty of our existence, 101.

326

THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

Certainty of some knowledge, 317.

Chasms in nature, 288, 289.

Chimpanzee named Sally, 177.

Cicero and ethic, 170.

Classification of sciences, 16, 17.

Clifford, Professor, 249.

Cognition direct and reflex, 231.

Cognition : its elements, 9.

Condillac and instinct, 182.

Confidence in reason warranted, 320.

Consentience, 149.

Colour, Idea of, 10, 66.

Conscience, 163.

Consciousness, 139, 229.

Consciousness of self, 319.

Consciousness : its trustworthiness, 220.

Corporeal substance and extension, 77,

79-

Cosmology, 23.

Cosmos has latent intelligence, 296, 297.

Cosmos pervaded by intelligence, 323.

Counting crow, 176.

Credulity of sensists, 74.

Criterion of truth, The ultimate, 13,

14, 224, 225, 227.

Crystals, 284, 320.

Cube, Revolving, 60.

Cuvier, 51.

Darwin and instinct, 183.

Deaf-mutes, 198-202.

Definiteness of all that exists, 280.

Delusion as to motion, 307.

Delusions, tactual and optical, 71.

Democritus, 307.

Dependent being needs a cause, 260.

Difference between ideas and feelings,

II, 12, 66, 80.

Dionsea and intelligence, l6f.

Direct and reflex cognition, 231.

Direct consciousness, 140.

Discontinuity in the world, 288.

Distinction of kind, 215.

Effects of bodily injuries, 70.

Ego, Empirical, 234.

Ego, Pure, 234.

Elements of cognition, 9.

Emotional language, 172.

Emotional signs, 152.

Emperor moth, 130.

Empirical laws and judgments, 8, 94.

Energy, 300.

Enumeration of the sciences, 16.

Epistemology, 2.

Epistemology and levelling down, 278.

Epistemology, derivation, vii.

Error and incomplete knowledge, 73.

Esse and percipi, 35, 75.

Eternal causal principle, 293.

Ethic and results, 166, 167.

Ethics, 25, 32.

Ethnology, 32.

Everything which exists is definite, 280.

Excluded middle, 244.

Existence implies state of existence, 233.

Extension, Idea of, 67.

Extension, Our intuition of, 47.

External world : its nature, 47.

External world, Self-evidence of, 47,

226.

Faculties, not ideas, innate, 313.

Fallacy as to memory, 238.

Fallacy of Clifford and Hehnholtz, 249.

Feeling and reflection, 12.

Feelings and ideas, Differences be-

tween, n, 12, 66, 80.

Feelings, Associations of, 147.

Feelings, present ones, certain, 219.

Feelings underlying perceptions, 150-

152.

Fichte, 40 41, 83.

Field of scientific labour, 311.

First principles not gained through

natural selection, 274.

INDEX

327

Forbes, Mr., 194.

Force and cause, 260.

Force or power a primary idea, 261.

Force, Idea of, 68.

Forms of thought, 248.

Fortunate character of Darwin's con-

ception, 271.

Functions of man's body, 117-128.

Fundamental assumptions of science,

1 06.

Geology, 24.

Gesture language, 197-203.

Goodness a distinct idea, 164, 169.

Groundwork of science : its nature, 298.

Groundwork, Ultimate, of science, 323.

Habit, 126.

Haeckel, Professor, 306.

Hartmann, 41.

Hegel, 41.

Hegel and the swimmer, 256.

Helmholtz, 249.

Herbert Spencer, 262, 279, 280.

Hexicology. 31.

Higher and lower mental powers, 145.

History, 32.

Hoste, Sir William, 195.

How is knowledge possible ? 57, 76.

How was knowledge obtained ? 266.

Human and cosmic reason analogous,

322.

Hume, 41, 83.

Hume and causation, 258.

Hume, Followers of, 229.

Hypothetical truths not known through

natural selection, 274.

I am, Significance of, 241.

Idea of cause, 260.

Idea of colour, 10, 66.

Idea of extension, 67.

Idea of force, 68.

Idea of nonentity, II.

Idea of power or force, 261.

Idealism, 35-39, 4l~44-

Idealism, its attractions, 44.

Ideas, Abstract, 7.

Ideas and feelings, Differences between,

n, 12, 66, 80.

Ideas of animals, 160.

Implicit truth made explicit by infer-

ence, 252.

Impressions and sense impresses, 240.

Incomplete knowledge not error, 73.

Indefinite, The, an impossible source

of things, 279.

Inference and perception, 62, 63.

Inference makes implicit truth explicit,

252.

Infinitude of knowledge, 317.

Initiation of knowledge, 4.

Inorganic world and innate law, 283-

286.

Instinct in animals, 128-132, 182-186.

Instinct in man, 127.

Instinct, its essence, 132, 134,

Instinct, reflex action of a whole or-

ganism, 185.

Intellect possibly latent in animals, 156,

276, 316.

Intellectual antecedents of science, 217.

Intellectual intuition, 14, 104.

Intellectual language, 189.

Intelligence latent in the cosmos, 297.

Intelligence pervades cosmos, 323.

Intention at the basis of ethics, 167.

Intuition, 14, 104.

Intuition of extension, 47.

Ireland, Dr. W., 211.

Iridescence, 70.

Is, Significance of the word, 209.

Johnson, Captain, 194.

Johnson, Dr., 81.

THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

John Stuart Mill and ethic, 167.

John Stuart Mill and truth, 99.

Joint method of agreement and differ-

ence, 94, 96.

Kalmuck and Persian ladies, 286.

Kant, 41.

Kind, Distinctions of, 215.

Knowledge all wonderful, 56, 247.

Knowledge, how obtained, 266.

Knowledge, its certainty, 317.

Knowledge, its initiation, 4.

Knowledge not due to natural selection,

268.

Knowledge not due to association, 267.

Knowledge not innate, 267.

Knowledge of our feelings reflex, 230,

231, 232.

Knowledge not due to revelation, 268.

Knowledge practically infinite, 317.

Lamarck and instinct, 182.

Language and science, 1 88.

Language, Intellectual, 189.

Language of gesture, 197, 203.

Language of savages, 207, 208.

Language, Unintellectual, 188.

Lapsed intelligence, 182.

Larden, Mr., and ants, 193.

Latent ideas, &c., 97.

Latent intelligence possible in animals,

156, 176, 316.

Latent logic in animals, 321.

Laura Bridgman, 20 1.

Legitimacy of certainty, 97.

Levelling down and epistemology, 278.

Leverrier, 51.

Literature, politics, and instinct, 185.

Lloyd Morgan, 157, 162.

Locke, 41.

Logic, 21, 32.

Lord's Prayer in gesture, 201.

Mallery, Colonel, 197, 201.

Man's body, Functions of, 117-128.

Man's body, Structure of, 113-117.

Man's duplex unity, 319.

Man's zoological position, 112.

Martha Obrecht, 201, 202.

Material and repair, 135.

Mathematics, 18, 20, 26.

Matter, 304.

Matter, The, of science, 310. -

Means and objects of perception, 41,

61.

Memory, 100, 147.

Memory : its validity, 235.

Memory reveals the objective, 239.

Mental onesidedness, 318.

Mental powers, Two orders of, 144.

Metaphor, 205, 206.

Metaphysics, 22, 23, 33, 88.

Method of agreement, 94, 96.

Method of concomitant variations, 95.

Method of difference, 94.

Method of residues, 95.

Methods of science, 89.

Mind can know truths, 75-

Molecular motion, 305.

Monism, 84.

Monism: the truths latent in it, 305.

Monkeys, 194-196.

Monosyllabic utterances, 204.

Montaigne and instinct, 182.

More than phenomena knowable, 240.

Most certain truths of science, 319.

Motion, 300, 301.

Motion a constant experience, 307.

Motion, Perception of, 72.

Natural selection almost incapable of

disproof, 271.

Natural selection and evolution of in-

tellect, 276.

Natural selection and instinct, 185.

INDEX

3 2 9

Natural selection and realism, 46.

Natural selection and the universe, 292.

Natural selection could never have

shown us hypothetical truths, 274.

Natural selection didnot reveal necessary

truths, 274.

Nature of the external world, 47, 56.

Nature of the groundwork of science.

298.

Nature's ultimate teaching, 321.

Neptune, 51, 52.

New existence demands a cause, 258.

Newman, Cardinal, 318.

Nihilum, 23.

Not everything must have a cause, 257.

Nothing, Idea of, 1 1 .

No waste in nature, 321.

Number, 18, 19, 178.

Objective and subjective worlds, 238.

Objective relations, 55.

Objections against realism, 64.

Objective truths perceived, 248.

Objects and means of perception, 41,61.

Objects of science, 34.

Omniscience and human knowledge,

281.

Ontogeny, 31.

Organic inference, 162.

Origin from the indefinite absurd, 279.

Owen, Sir Richard, 52.

Pasteur, M. 228.

Perceptions, 3, 41, 63, 244.

Perception of existence, 244.

Phantasmata, 9.

Phylogeny, 31.

Physical antecedents of science, 109.

Physical sciences, 24-32.

Physiology, 24, 25.

Pigs and prayers, 175.

Plants do not feel, 289.

Politics, 32.

Possibilities as to the nature of the

universe, 314-316.

Possible latency of intellect in animals,

156, 276, 316.

Present feelings certain, 219.

Primary and secondary qualities, ^65,

69, 73-

Principle of causation, 105.

Principle of contradiction, 105, 244,

245-

Principle of the universe, 293, 294.

, Process of reasoning, 102, 254, 255.

Processes of repair, 126.

Prodigal son in gesture, 200.

Proof impossible for ultimate certainties,

223.

Psychical antecedents of science, 139.

Psychical powers of animals, 158-163.

Psychology, 22, 24, 32.

Qualities of material objects, 60.

Qualities, Primary and secondary, 65,

69, 73-

Realism, Objections against, 64.

Reality, possible and actual, 23.

Reasoning must end somewhere, 103,

222.

Reasoning not a very high faculty, 102,

254.

Reason not invalidated by its possible

origin, 156.

Reason to be confided in, 320.

Recollection and reminiscence, 236.

Reflection, 230, 231.

Reflection and feeling, 12.

' Reflex action, 122.

Reflex consciousness, 140.

Relations, 91, 143.

Relations apprehended, 12.

Relations, objective ones, 55.

Relativity of knowledge, 281, 282.

33

THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE

Religion, 32.

Religions, 25.

Reminiscence and recollection, 236.

Remorse, 163.

Results, no ethical test, 166.

Reverie, 149.

Revolving cube, 60.

Romanes, 170, 175, 192, 194, 195, 196,

*98, 199, 204, 208.

Rontgen rays, 43

Root of thought and language, 213.

Roots of language, 212.

Sally the Chimpanzee, 177.

Savages' language, 207, 208.

Sayce, Professor, 207.

Schelling, 41.

Schelling and instinct, 320.

Scepticism, Absurdity of, 221.

Science and language, 188.

Science, Assumptions of, 106, 107.

Science has advanced, 97.

Science, Intellectual antecedents of, 2 1 7.

Science is measurement, 90.

Science, its objects, 34.

Science, its physical antecedents, 109.

Science, its ultimate groundwork, 323.

Science, Methods of, 89.

Science, what it is ? 3.

Sciences, Enumeration of, 6.

Science, Psychical antecedents of, 139.

Science's most certain truth, 319.

Sciences, Physical, 24-32.

Scientific knowledge, Causes of, 257.

Scientific observation, 93.

Self-evidence, 103, 104.

Self-evidence, ground of certainty, 57,

223.

Self-evidence of external world, 47, 226.

Self-existence known, 319.

Sensitivity and organic world, 214.

Sensori-motor action, 124, 132.

Sense perceptions of animals, 158.

Sensuous universals, 59.

Sentence, Analysis of one, 189.

Serial symmetry, 287.

Shamming death, 184.

Sign, what it is, 152.

Significance of " I am," 241.

Sitaris beetle, 131.

Sleep-walking, 154.

Social approbation and ethics, 165.

Sociology of intelligences, 25.

Solipsism, 40, 82, 83.

Sounds, rational and articulate, 191.

Sounds, rational but not articulate, 190.

Source of primary principles of intelli-

gence, 295.

Space, 309.

Speech, 191, 213.

Speech and reason, 213.

Spencer and causation, 262.

Spencer's great law, 279.

Sphex wasp, 129.

Spinoza, 41.

Stimuli, 1 1 8.

Structure of man's body, 113.

Stupidity of animals, 171, 176, 180.

Subject and object, 238.

Subject and object identified, 234, 240.

Symbols, 91, 92, 93.

Symmetry, bilateral and serial, 287.

That follows how, 244.

" That," " what,"and " why," 4, 77, 87.

Theology, 25.

Therefore : its meaning, 254.

Thing in itself, 227.

Thought curiously undervalued, 255.

Thought our only means of certainty,

255-

Thoughts, 7.

Three categories of indispensable truths,

228.

INDEX

33 1

Time, 309.

Tools of science, 311-313.

Transitions and time, 214, 215.

Transition from unconscious to voluntary

actions, 137, 320.

Trustworthiness of consciousness, 220.

Trustworthiness of memory, 235.

Truth and the world, IOI.

Truth can be known, 75.

Truths, indispensable, Three categories

of, 223.

Truth : what it is, 99.

Truth, Ultimate criterion of, 13, 14,

224, 225, 227.

Two forms of memory, 236.

Two orders of mental powers, 144.

Tylor, Mr., 206.

Ultimate certainties need no proof, 223.

Ultimate criterion of truth, 13, 14, 224,

225, 227.

Ultimate groundwork of science, 323.

Ultimate teaching of nature, 321.

Uniformity of nature, 263.

Unimaginable not impossible, 85.

Unintellectual language, 188.

Unity of man's nature, Bifold, 319.

Universals, 6, 59, 61.

Universe and causation, 291.

Universe as a whole, 291.

Universe : is it infinite ? 305.

Universe : the possibilities as to its

nature, 314-316.

Universe not due to natural selection,

292.

Unreason not cause of universe, 294.

Uranus, 51, 52.

Validity of inference, 102.

Validity of memory, 235.

! Verbum, mentale, oris, corporis, 191,

211.

Vibrations, 69.

Vocal language proper, 191.

| Waste in nature non-existent, 321.

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