NATURE OF THE GROUNDWORK OF SCIENCE 315
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essential kind of matter with intrinsic motion, animals
having merely the appearance of being sensitive organisms,
while in truth literally nothing more than mere machines.
The possibility of this cannot be denied for two reasons :
(1) We can only know our own sensations and emotions
through the intellect, so that we cannot be absolutely sure
that our higher estimate of animals (as being really sensitive
organisms) may not be due to the fact that we know them
only intellectually, and so may unconsciously transfigure
them.
(2) We cannot know with certainty what the emotions
and sensations of animals really are. They are probably
like what our sensations and emotions might be apart from
the intellect. But it can never be absolutely evident to us
that they are so, or what they are in themselves, or even
what our own sensations and emotions may be, apart from
our intellect, though, as we have endeavoured to show,* our
intellect enables us to obtain a high degree of probability
in the matter.
Secondly, it is not evident that the universe may not
consist of one kind of matter (the parent of all the combi-
nations we know), and one physical energy (the root of
the physical energies of our experience), together with an
intelligent energy.
Thirdly, it may consist of one matter and several or many
energies, essentially distinct from all eternity, together with
intelligent energy.
Fourthly, it is not evident that it may not be composed of
several, or many, essentially distinct matters (true elements)
with a physical energy essentially one, together with in-
telligent energy.
Fifthly, it may consist of several or a multitude of distinct
* See ante, p. 216.
essential kind of matter with intrinsic motion, animals
having merely the appearance of being sensitive organisms,
while in truth literally nothing more than mere machines.
The possibility of this cannot be denied for two reasons :
(1) We can only know our own sensations and emotions
through the intellect, so that we cannot be absolutely sure
that our higher estimate of animals (as being really sensitive
organisms) may not be due to the fact that we know them
only intellectually, and so may unconsciously transfigure
them.
(2) We cannot know with certainty what the emotions
and sensations of animals really are. They are probably
like what our sensations and emotions might be apart from
the intellect. But it can never be absolutely evident to us
that they are so, or what they are in themselves, or even
what our own sensations and emotions may be, apart from
our intellect, though, as we have endeavoured to show,* our
intellect enables us to obtain a high degree of probability
in the matter.
Secondly, it is not evident that the universe may not
consist of one kind of matter (the parent of all the combi-
nations we know), and one physical energy (the root of
the physical energies of our experience), together with an
intelligent energy.
Thirdly, it may consist of one matter and several or many
energies, essentially distinct from all eternity, together with
intelligent energy.
Fourthly, it is not evident that it may not be composed of
several, or many, essentially distinct matters (true elements)
with a physical energy essentially one, together with in-
telligent energy.
Fifthly, it may consist of several or a multitude of distinct
* See ante, p. 216.