PSYCHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE 153

sense, yet, without further explanation, the assertion may

be misleading, as the word "sign" is used in two very

different meanings.

A "sign," in the full sense of that term, is a token or

device addressed to eye or ear, depicting by some external

manifestation an internal abstract idea, and made use of

with the intention of conveying to another mind the idea

or ideas in the mind of the sign-maker.

Yet a sign may be truly such, though quite in another

way. Thus the external contortion of the features in terror,

or screams or verbal exclamations, are truly signs to

onlookers of the feeling of the terror-stricken person. But

as the latter has not contorted his features or uttered

sounds with the intention of making his terror known, it

can be nothing but an accidental sign.

Yet, again, a sign may be made with the object of

attracting attention so far as to gain sympathy or make

known a sympathy felt. Such signs may be an uplifting

of the eyes with the hands clasped, or a hand may be

smilingly kissed, or articulate words of tender endearment

may be uttered, or curses may be shouted with clenched

fists, the words in neither case having any further meaning

than an indication of the feelings entertained. Such signs,

of course, are not those of the first category, but only

emotional signs.

We have before noticed the remarkable way in which

movements may be spontaneously and unconsciously

co-ordinated.* Such movements are due to feelings which

have also unconsciously become associated. The actions

performed apart from intellectual advertence show the power

we have of co-ordinating sensations as, e.g., in playing

the piano "by heart" Then the motions of the hands

and fingers follow each other in orderly succession, which

* See ante, p. 118.

;:.

" . " _ .:"....- : . . - .:..". - . .

~ "a* * <i _ _ ^ _ -a. % ^^ _ 1^^^^^*

of Ac keys strack fed to rise; and die whole

to an evil tfcroogh at

of

:-:

we lave of anoanacioa

to, though a>

That we have sach a power

. - ~ . j

: ". - ". . " . . " - - . :: . _

r I . :

power vc powess,

- . . . : . . :-.-. - -.- .-:.

its wonted piarr, to begat

to look or fed fer it. We ay also obuetve in cwnrseives,

- : : . . - . . - : " _ _ : . . : :_:

. : : . . : : : : . : :

: ". . : - .: " - _~ " - :

_ . - . . > . " :-. -

They may resnlt in the

. . ". . : - : . . " .

:" = - . -

sense, yet, without further explanation, the assertion may

be misleading, as the word "sign" is used in two very

different meanings.

A "sign," in the full sense of that term, is a token or

device addressed to eye or ear, depicting by some external

manifestation an internal abstract idea, and made use of

with the intention of conveying to another mind the idea

or ideas in the mind of the sign-maker.

Yet a sign may be truly such, though quite in another

way. Thus the external contortion of the features in terror,

or screams or verbal exclamations, are truly signs to

onlookers of the feeling of the terror-stricken person. But

as the latter has not contorted his features or uttered

sounds with the intention of making his terror known, it

can be nothing but an accidental sign.

Yet, again, a sign may be made with the object of

attracting attention so far as to gain sympathy or make

known a sympathy felt. Such signs may be an uplifting

of the eyes with the hands clasped, or a hand may be

smilingly kissed, or articulate words of tender endearment

may be uttered, or curses may be shouted with clenched

fists, the words in neither case having any further meaning

than an indication of the feelings entertained. Such signs,

of course, are not those of the first category, but only

emotional signs.

We have before noticed the remarkable way in which

movements may be spontaneously and unconsciously

co-ordinated.* Such movements are due to feelings which

have also unconsciously become associated. The actions

performed apart from intellectual advertence show the power

we have of co-ordinating sensations as, e.g., in playing

the piano "by heart" Then the motions of the hands

and fingers follow each other in orderly succession, which

* See ante, p. 118.

;:.

" . " _ .:"....- : . . - .:..". - . .

~ "a* * <i _ _ ^ _ -a. % ^^ _ 1^^^^^*

of Ac keys strack fed to rise; and die whole

to an evil tfcroogh at

of

:-:

we lave of anoanacioa

to, though a>

That we have sach a power

. - ~ . j

: ". - ". . " . . " - - . :: . _

r I . :

power vc powess,

- . . . : . . :-.-. - -.- .-:.

its wonted piarr, to begat

to look or fed fer it. We ay also obuetve in cwnrseives,

- : : . . - . . - : " _ _ : . . : :_:

. : : . . : : : : . : :

: ". . : - .: " - _~ " - :

_ . - . . > . " :-. -

They may resnlt in the

. . ". . : - : . . " .

:" = - . -