PSYCHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE 187

ideas or imaginations, complexly associated with sensation

and sensuous memory, which may give occasion to sensuous

inference, with feelings of pleasure and pain, and also uncon-

scious co-ordinations of movements and feelings due to a

power of consentience our lower psychical powers. On

turning our attention to the world of mere animal life, we

saw reason to believe that the external manifestations made

by animals are susceptible of explanation by faculties

resembling our lower mental powers, without calling into

play the action of intellect and consciousness.

If we are correct in our estimate, then it must be

admitted that there is a distinction of kind between man

and animals.

But we believe the question can only be decided by a

careful consideration of the true value and significance

of that obvious distinction between the lower creatures

and ourselves which is expressed by the proposition, " Men

speak, but animals are dumb." Have or have not mere

animals the power of expressing mental conceptions by

sounds or gestures?

This, which we regard as the crucial question of a distinc-

tion of kind between man and animals, demands separate

and somewhat lengthy consideration, and to it the next

chapter will be devoted.

ideas or imaginations, complexly associated with sensation

and sensuous memory, which may give occasion to sensuous

inference, with feelings of pleasure and pain, and also uncon-

scious co-ordinations of movements and feelings due to a

power of consentience our lower psychical powers. On

turning our attention to the world of mere animal life, we

saw reason to believe that the external manifestations made

by animals are susceptible of explanation by faculties

resembling our lower mental powers, without calling into

play the action of intellect and consciousness.

If we are correct in our estimate, then it must be

admitted that there is a distinction of kind between man

and animals.

But we believe the question can only be decided by a

careful consideration of the true value and significance

of that obvious distinction between the lower creatures

and ourselves which is expressed by the proposition, " Men

speak, but animals are dumb." Have or have not mere

animals the power of expressing mental conceptions by

sounds or gestures?

This, which we regard as the crucial question of a distinc-

tion of kind between man and animals, demands separate

and somewhat lengthy consideration, and to it the next

chapter will be devoted.